Tongue of the Worker Bee. 111 
incapacity in various ways. Fertile workers seem to appear 
more quickly and in greater abundance in colonies of 
Cyprian and Syrian boes, after they become hopelessly 
queenless, than in Italian colonies. 
The maxille and labium of the worker-bee are much 
elongated (Fig. 35), The maxilla (Fig. 35, A, mx, mx) 
are deeply grooved, and are hinged to the head by strong 
chitinous rods (Fig. 35, A. c, c, S#, St), to which are 
attached the muscles which move these parts. The gutter- 
like extremities (Fig. 35, A, Z, /) are stiffencd with chitine, 
Fic. 36. 
Tongue bent under Head, 
A 
Tongue extended for 
sucking. 
m Maxilla, R Retractor muscles, the 
Ligula, opening at upper base of 
5m Sub-mentum, tongue between paraglossz. 
a Duct from upper head All from Wolff, 
and thoracic glands, 
Base of Labium, 
and, when approximated, form a tube which is continued 
by a membrane to the mouth-opening of the pharynx, just 
betwcen the bases of the jaws. This tube forms the larg- 
est channel through which nectar passes to the pharynx. 
The labium varies in length from .23 to .27 of an inch in 
diameter. By the sub-mentum (Fig. 35, A, 0) and two 
chitinous rods (Fig. 35, A, 4, 4), itis hinged to the max- 
illa. The base or mentum is chitinous beneath and mem- 
