Bsophagus of Worker Bee. 117 
Dr. Planta and others have shown that the chyle fed to 
queen larve is not the same as that fed to drone larve, nor 
yet like that fed to worker larvae. If this is chyle the dif- 
ference could be explained, as it would arise from variation 
of food. Ifa secretion, it could not be easily explained. 
This view is adopted by Mr. Cowan the ablest and most 
learned British authority on bees. 
As in our own development, so in the embryo bee, the 
alimentary canal arises from the endoderm or inner layer 
of the initial animal. As the ectoderm or outer layer is 
around this, the mouth and vent arise by absorption at these 
points, or from invagination (a turning in) of the outer 
layer. Infants are not infrequently born with an imper- 
forate anus. In such cases there is an arrest, the absorp- 
tion does not take place, and the surgeon’s knife comes to 
nature’s relief. Strangely enough in the bee—-this is also true 
of ants and some wasps—this condition persists all through 
the larval period. Tihus bee larva: have no anus or vent, 
and so void no excreta. But as known both to Swammer- 
dam and Newport, when the last larval skin is molted the 
whole canal, with its contents, is molted with the skin. As 
already stated the spinning glands in the larva become the 
thoracic, or glands of Ramdohr, in the adult bee. 
The cesophagus or gullet, the fine thread which is pulled 
out as we behead a bee, passes from the mouth through 
the muscular thorax ( Figs. 15 and 21) to the honey-stomach 
(often called sucking stomach), which is situated in the 
abdomen. Often, as every bee-keeper knows, this honey- 
stomach (Fig. 21,4, 5) comes along with the cesophagus as 
we pull the bee’s head from the body. The cesophagus 
(Fig. 21, 0) is about .2 of an inch long and .o2 of an inch 
in diameter. In form and function the cesophagus is not 
different from the same organ in other animals. It is 
simply a passage way for the food. 
The honey stomach ( Fig. 21, 2 s) or honey sacisa sort of a 
crop or provéntriculus. This sac is oval about .1 of an inch 
in diameter. While this organ is lined with a cellular layer 
(Fig. 40, H, S, Z), the cells are not large and numerous 
as in the true stomach (Fig. 40, S, #). The muscular 
layers of this sac are quite pronounced (Fig. 4o, m) as we 
