Dufour’s Theory the Correct One. 121 
diameter of the ileum is hardly .o2 of aninch. The rectum 
or last portion of the intestine (Fig. 21, 7) is much larger 
than the ileum, and carries on its mucous or inner surface six 
glands (Fig. 21.7, 9) which Schiemenz calls rectal glands. 
It is quite likely that these may be excretory in function. 
Their position would make this view seem probable at 
least. 
Before leaving the subject it seems well to remark that 
it would appear that the old view of Dufour, so ably advo- 
cated by Pastor Schonfeld is, despite the arguments and 
researches of Schiemenz, the correct one. The queen, 
drone and larve do not get their food as a secretion—a sort 
of a milk—but it is rather the digested pollen or chyle modi- 
fied, as the bees desire by varying their own food. In 
addition to this albuminous food the queen and drones also 
take much honey. .Thus they need the glands which fur- 
nish the ferment that changes cane to reducible sugar, and 
they have them. If all honey were fully digested, then 
the drones and queen would not need any glands at all. 
The fact that the pollen that the larve do get is partially 
digested is further proof that this is chyme, or partially 
digested pollen. 
The jaws (Fig. 42, c) are very strong, without the rudi- 
mentary tooth, while the cutting edge is semi-conical, so 
that when the jaws are closed they form an imperfect 
cone. Thus these organs are well formed to cut comb, knead 
wax, and perform their various functions. As we should 
expect, the muscles of the jaw are very large and powerful 
(Fig. 39). The worker’s eyes (Fig. 6) are like those of 
the queen, while their wings, like those of the drones (Fig. 
29), attain the end of the body. These organs (Fig. 4), 
as in all insects with rapid flight, are slim and strong, and, 
by their more or less rapid vibrations, give the variety of 
tone which characterize their hum. Thus we have the 
rapid movements and high pitch of anger, and the slow 
motion and mellow note of content and joy. 
Landois proved many years since, that aside from the 
noise made by the wings, bees have a true voice. Thus he 
showed that a bumble-bee without wings, or with wings 
glued fast, would still hum. This voice is produced in the 
