182 Upper Story for Extracting. 
opposite end a like piece is nailed in the same way so that 
all is even on the bottom. Figure 67 explains this better. 
The bottom of the hive (Fig. 63 A) is 13x197 inches 
outside measure, the sides made of six-eighths inch, bottom 
and cover of five-eighths, and ends of seven-eighths inch 
lumber. The height of this plain box is just 10 
inches; that is, it is made of boards ten inches wide. The 
side boards are 197% inches long, so that they nail to the 
ends of the end-boards. When used with the Gallup 
frame the ends of the hive project and are nailed into the 
ends of the side-boards. The end-boards are rabbeted on 
top. This rabbet is cut three-eighths of an inch deeper 
than the thickness of the top bar of the frame. With the 
Gallup frame we rabbet the side-boards. If the top bar is 
three-eighths of an inch thick this rabbet should be six- 
eighths precisely. This is very zmportant, as we must 
have a three-eighths space exactly between the top bar 
and the top of the hive. In making the hive ten and one- 
eighth (10%) inches high we give a space of half-inch 
between the bottom of the frame and bottom of hive. I 
like this wide space and there is no objection to it. Near 
the top of the hive, we nail narrow cleats entirely around 
it; these-strengthen the hive, and are convenient supports 
by which to lift the hive. Hand grooves (Fig. 66) can 
also be cut in end and side-boards, for convenience in 
handling, if desired. 
The entrance is cut in the end of the hive (Fig. 63), and 
the size is easily regulated by use of the Langstroth tri- 
angular blocks (Fig. 63, B B). Thus we may gauge the 
size to our liking. The opening in the bottom board (Fig. 
61) is preferred by many. This is enlarged or restricted 
by simply pushing,the hive forward or back, and of course 
can only be used with loose bottom boards. ‘The fact that 
most bee-keepers nail the bottom board firmly and cut the 
opening from the hive, argues that this on the whole is the 
better style. For shipping and moving bees the nailed 
bottom boards are very desirable; for quick cleaning of the 
hives when spring opens, the movable bottoms are prefer- 
able. On the whole I prefer a movable bottom board. 
There should never be but this one opening. Auger 
