Arrangement for Shade. 215 
way spruce, Austrian or other pine, or arbor vite, each or 
all are not only very effective, but are quickly grown, inex- 
pensive, and add greatly to the beauty of the grounds. Such 
a fence or hedge is also very desirable if the bees are near a 
street or highway. It not only shuts the bees away, as it 
were, but it so directs their flight upward that they will not 
trouble passers by. If the apiary is large, a small, neat, 
inexpensive house, in the center of the apiary grounds is 
indispensable. This will serve in winter as a shop for 
making hives, frames, etc., and as a store-house for honey, 
while in summer it will be used for extracting, transferring, 
storing, bottling, etc. In building this, it will be well to 
construct a frost-proof, thoroughly drained, dark and well 
ventilated cellar. (See Chapters XVIII and XIX.) 
PREPARATION FOR EACH COLONY. 
Virgil was right in recommending shade for each colony. 
Bees are forced to cluster outside the hive, if the hives are 
subjected to the full force of the sun’s rays. By the intense 
heat, the temperature inside becomes like that of an oven, 
and the wonder is that they do not desert entirely. I have 
known hives, thus unprotected, to be covered with bees, 
idling outside, when by simply shading the hives, all 
would go merrily to work. The combs, too, and founda- 
tion especially, are liable, in unshaded hives, to melt and 
fall down, which is very damaging to the bees, and very 
vexatious to the apiarist. The remedy for all this is to 
always have the hives so situated that they will be entirely 
shaded all through the heat of the day. This might be 
done, as in the olden time, by constructing a shed or house, 
but these are expensive and very inconvenient, and, there- 
fore, to be discarded. 
If the apiarist has a convenient grove, this may be 
trimmed high, so as not to be damp, and will fulfill every 
requirement. So arrange the hives that while they are 
shaded through all the heat of the day, they will receive 
the sun’s rays early and late, and thus the bees will work 
more hours. Such a grove is also very agreeable to the 
apiarist who often must work all the day in the hottest 
sunshine. I always face my hives to the east. If no 
