Fastening in Brood Frames. 315 
and the extreme wires not more than one-half inch from 
the side of the frame. They may be fastened by passing 
through holes in the top and bottom-bars of the frames, 
which must be exactly in the center, or they may be hooked 
over little hooks, such as may be made by driving a staple 
into the frame after we have cut one limb of the staple off 
near the curve. If holes are to be made through the top- 
bars of the frame, they can be easily formed by use of 
sharp awls. If these are set in a strong block like an iron 
cake, each bar can be pierced at one stroke by use of a 
Fie. 128. 
ne | 
° 
Root’s Wired Frame, End-wires are too far from End-bars, 
lever press. Ifthe foundation is to be stamped in the frame 
by the Given press, then the wire should be No. 36; if it 
is to be put on by hand, then No. 30 must be used. Tinned 
wire should be used. .To cut wire the right length for 
frames and not have it tangle, it may be wound lengthwise 
about a board of the right length so that one round of wire 
will be just enough for a frame. Then tie two or three 
strings tightly around board, wire and all. The strings 
extend at right angles to the wire. We now cut across all 
the wires at one angle of the board. Thus the wires are 
all of the proper length and are held firmly, ready for use. 
Some, even with the Given press, prefer to put the founda- 
tion onto the wires by hand. In this case the foundation 
should be warmed till quite soft, then laid on a board 
and the frame placed over all so that the wires rest on the 
foundation. Then by use of a shoe-buttoner, with a 
longitudinal groove cut into the convex side of the curve, 
the wires are pressed into the foundation. This work is 
easily and rapidly performed. A tin wire imbedded (Fig. 
129) works admirably and costs very little. Mr. Cheshire 
states that'the brood dies over the wires. There is no 
