Nectar From Bark and Plant Lice, 333 
T have described this insect (Fig. 140) under the name 
of Lecanium Tulipifera. In 18470 it did no small injury 
to our tulip trees here at the college. It has seriously in- 
jured this tree in the states bordering the Ohio river. The 
tulip is often called poplar, which is quite incorrect. The 
poplar belongs to the willow.family, the tulip to the mag- 
nolia, This louse is of double interest to bee-keepers. It 
ruins one of our best honey trees, and supplies a poor sub- 
stitute for plant nectar to the bees. All bark lice, which 
include the orange tree scale lice of the south, are best 
destroyed by use of kerosene oil. This latter is best ap- 
plied in the form of an emulsion, with soap. To make 
the kerosene and soap emulsion I make a very strong suds, 
using one-fourth pound of whale oil soap, or one quart of 
soft soap, and two or three quarts of water. To this is 
added one pint of kerosene oil and all churned by use of a 
force pump till it is thoroughly and permanently mixed. 
I then dilute with water till the kerosene oil forms one- 
fifteenth of the whole. Whitman’s fountain pump is admi- 
rable for making such applications. 
_ I have also seen the bees thick about several species of 
plant lice. One, the Erisoma imbricator, Fitch, works on 
the beech tree. Its abdomen is thickly covered with long 
wool, and it makes a comical show as it wags this up and 
down upon the least disturbance. The leaves of trees 
attacked by this louse, as also those beneath the trees, are 
fairly gummed with a sweetish substance. I have found 
that the bees avoid this substance, except at times of extreme 
drouth and long protracted absence of honeyed bloom. 
Another species, Thalaxes ulmicola gives rise to certain 
solitary galls, which appear on the upper surface of the 
leaves of the red elm. These galls are hollow, with a thin 
skin, and within the hollows are the lice, which secrete an 
abundant sweet that often attracts the bees to a feast of fat 
things, as the gall is torn apart, or cracks open, so that the 
sweet exudes. This sweet is anything but disagreeable, 
and may not be unwholesome to the bees. The larch 
louse, Lachnus laricis, secretes a liquid that is greedily 
taken by the bees. 
Another of the aphides, of a black hue, works on the 
