Wintering in Bee House. 391 
2d. Have five or six inches on a@d/ s¢des of bees, of fine 
chaff—timothy is best—entirely freed from straw. 
3d. Be sure and have the chaff below the bees as well 
as above and on the sides. 
4th. Do not put the chaff above the bees on loose, but 
confine in sacks. This is for convenience and neatness. 
5th. Have as much empty space as possible inside the 
hive and outside the packing; and never let the cover to 
the hive rest immediately on the packing, 
6th. Crowd the bees on to a few frames—never more 
than eight—and the packing close to the bees. 
yth. Winter passages should be made through all the 
combs. 
Mr. Jones prefers that the outer wall of the chaff-hive 
should be of narrow boards so as to be more impervious to 
dampness. He also uses fine dry sawdust instead of chaff. 
Mr. Root in his two-story hives (Fig. 187) uses a thicker 
layer of chaff below, but carries it to the top. Of course 
the double wall need not extend on the sides of the frames. 
The division boards on the sides of the frames may make 
the double wall. 
WINTERING IN BEE HOUSE. 
As Mr. D. A. Jones has tested bee houses on a very 
large scale, and met with success, I will quote directly 
from him: 
* The house should be so constructed that the out-door 
temperature cannot affect that of the bee house; and in 
order to accomplish this its walls should be packed tightly 
with two feet of dry sawdust or three feet of chaff pack- 
ing, overhead same thickness, and the bottom so protected 
that no frost can penetrate. Next, it should have a venti- 
lating tube at the top, of not less than one square inch to 
each colony of bees. It should have sub-earth ventilation 
by means of a tube laid below the depth frost will pene- 
trate, and from one to three hundred feet in length, coming 
in contact with outside a:mosphere at the. other end; as air 
passes through this tube it is tempered by the distance 
through the earth, and comes into the house at an even 
temperature. By means of slides at these ventilators, the 
