392 Wintering in Cellar. 
temperature can be arranged in the bee house, which should 
stand from 43° to 46°, and in no case should it fall lower 
than 42°. There should be tight-fitting triple doors, which 
will make two dead-air spaces. : 
« When the bee house is filled, and during warm weather 
in the spring—the bees should not be let out on the sum- 
mer stands until the first pollen appears (which is gen- 
erally from the tag alder or black willow)—it is necessary 
that the temperature of the room be kept at the wintering 
standpoint. This may be done by means of an ice-box or 
refrigerator, filled with ice or snow, and suspended at top 
of room in close proximity to the ceiling. The bottom of 
the box must be so constructed that while the warm air 
‘may be allowed to pass up through the refrigerator, the 
drippings will not drop to the floor and create moisture. 
This latter may be prevented by means of a tube running 
from the box down through the floor.” Therules for remov- 
ing and storing in the house are the same as those for cel- 
lar. From expense and difficulty in maintaining a uniform 
temperature, I think the house less desirable than the cellar. 
WINTERING IN CELLAR. 
North of the latitude of Central, and I think we may 
say Southern, Ohio, I think a good cellar is not only the 
safest but the best place in which to winter hees. I have 
kept our college bees for many years in such a cellar with 
no loss. The great point is to have perfect control of the 
temperature. This must be kept between 38° F. and 50° 
F., and should never vary suddenly. It were best if it 
were always at 45° F. With a cellar all is under ground, 
and we are thus fortified against the effects of our sudden 
changes of temperature. The sub-earth ventilator as de- 
scribed above, though not necessary, as the experience of 
many has fully proved, is a help. It is still better if the 
vertical shaft or pipe connect with a stove above which is 
much used in winter. This creates a draft and as the air 
is brought under ground through the long sub-earth pipe 
the air is warmed. The pipe should connect with the stove- 
pipe above at quite a height above the stove or the stove 
may smoke. 1 have found here at the college that we get 
