Temperature of Cellar. 393 
quite a draft especially on windy days, even if there is no 
fire, but our vertical pipe—a common stove-pipe serves 
excellently well—connects simply with a chimney which 
projects above the house. Such an arrangement not only 
controls the temperature but ventilates the cellar. A large 
cistern full of water or water running through a cellar deep 
under ground is a wonderful moderator and will surely 
keep the temperature at the proper point. It is imperative. 
that every bee-keeper have a thermometer in his cellar and 
by frequent examination KNow that the temperature is at 
the proper point. Unless he finds that he cannot control 
the temperature without, he better not go to the expense of 
either sub-earth ventilation or a cistern. 
Dr. C. C. Miller keeps a small coal stove burning with 
open door in each cellar, and thus keeps the temperature . 
just as he desires. My brother keeps as many bees in his 
house cellar with no such pains or labor, and yet is as suc- 
cessful as is Dr. Miller. The thing to remember is, we 
must control the temperature. 
I commence preparation for winter as soon as the first 
frost shows that the harvest is over. I then put five Lang- 
stroth or seven Gallup frames at one side or end of the hive 
where they are to remain for the winter. If these have not, 
enough food J feed till they have. If other frames have brood 
I put these close beside; and remove them as soon as the 
brood has all matured, and close up the other frames by use 
of adivision board. I now cover all with acloth and with a 
super of chaff or dry sawdust. For the past two years I 
have left all the combs in very strong colonies and covered 
simply with a board, and these colonies have done well. 
In a good cellar bees need no packing about or above the 
brood chamber. 
Before cold weather—any time from the first to the 
middle of November—the bees are carried into the cellar. 
This better be done carefully, so as not to disturb the bees. 
Yet Iam not sure that such disturbance is any special injury. 
To prevent the bees from coming out in case of disturbance 
the entrance blocks must close the entrances. Dr. Miller 
uses wet cloths to effect this. 
In the cellar the hives should rest a foot from the bottom 
