Diseases of Bees. 403 
sufficient. Mr. Jones closes the entrance by use of wet 
grass, straw, or shavings. Mr. Hayhurst places a frame 
six inches by eighteen inches covered by wire gauze over 
the entrance. This keeps the robbers out, and still affords 
ventilation. 
Another way to secure such colonies against robbing is 
to move them into the cellar for a few days. This is a 
further advantage, as less food is eaten, and the strength 
of the individual bees is conserved by the quiet, and as 
there is no nectar in the fields no loss is suffered. 
In all the work of the apiary at times of no honey gath- 
ering, we cannot be too careful to keep all honey from 
the bees unless placed in the hives. The hives, too, should 
not be kept open long at atime. Neat, quick work should 
be the watchword. During times when robbers are essay- 
ing to practice their nefarious designs, the bees are likely 
to be more than usually irritable, and likely to resent intru- 
sion; hence the importance of more than usual caution, if 
it is desired to introduce a queen. Working under the bee- 
tent (Figs. 111 and 118) prevents all danger of inciting 
the bees to rob. 
DISEASE. 
The common dysentery—indicated by the bees soiling 
their hives, as they void their feces within instead of with- 
out—which so frequently works havoc in our apiaries, is, 
without doubt, I think, consequent upon wrong manage- 
ment on the part of the apiarist, poor honey, or bad win- 
tering, usually the result of severe weather, as already 
suggested in Chapter XVIII. As the methods to prevent 
this have already been sufficiently considered, we pass to 
the terrible 
FOUL BROOD. 
This disease, said to have been known to Aristotle— 
though this is doubtful, as a stench attends common dysen- 
tery—though it has occurred in our State as well as in States 
about us, is not very familiartome. Of late I receive many 
samples of this affected brood each season. It is causing 
