432 MANUAL OF GARDENING 



joints beyond the second bunch. To keep down red spider and thrips, 

 the foUage should be sprayed with water every bright morning except 

 during the blooming season. At least one-third of the berries should 

 be thinned from each bunch; do not be afraid of taking out too many. 

 Water the inside border frequently all through the summer, and the 

 outside occasionally if the season is dry. Mildew may appear in July. 

 The best preventives are to syringe faithfully, admit air freely, and 

 sprinkle sulfur on the ground. 



Fruit may be kept fresh on the vines in a warm (or artificially 

 heated) grapery until late December ; in a coldhouse it must be picked 

 before frost. After the fruit is off, ventilate from top and bottom 

 and withhold water, so as thoroughly to ripen the wood. Along in 

 November the canes are pruned, covered with straw or wrapped with 

 mats and laid down till spring. Black Hamburg is superior to all other 

 varieties for a cold grapery; Bowood Muscat, Muscat of Alexandria, 

 and Chasselas Musque may be added in the warmhouse. Good vines 

 will live and bear almost indefinitely. 



Mulberry. — Both for fruit and ornament the mulberry should be 

 more generally planted. Even if the fruit is not to the taste, the tree 

 is naturally open-centered and round-headed, and is an interesting 

 subject; some of the varieties have finely cut leaves. The fruits are 

 in great demand by the birds, and after they begin to ripen the straw- 

 berry beds and cherry trees are freer from robins and other fruit- 

 eating birds. For this reason alone they are a valuable tree for the 

 fruit-grower. Trees may be purchased cheaper than one can propa- 

 gate them. 



If planted in orchard form, place them 25 to 30 feet apart. 

 About the borders of a place they can go closer. The Rus- 

 sian varieties are often planted for windbreaks, for they are very 

 hardy and thrive under the greatest neglect; and for this purpose 

 they may be planted 8 to 20 feet apart. The Russians make ex- 

 cellent screens. They stand clipping well. The fruit of the Russians 

 varies in quality, as the trees are usually directly from seed; but now 

 and then a tree bears excellent fruit. 



New American, Trowbridge, and Thorburn are leading kinds of 

 fruit-bearing mulberries for the North. The true Downing is not 



