GARDENS OF CELEBRITIES 
and I, and Tom Hearne, know, was a labyrinth; but as my 
territory will admit of a very small clew, I lay aside all thoughts of 
mazy habitation, though a bower is very different from an arbour, 
and must have more chambers than one.” Gardens probably 
assumed the definite character to which I have referred, before 
the reign of Elizabeth, and there was little or no variation 
from this during that of her successor. The gardens of 
Hatfield, where Elizabeth as Princess spent so much of her time, 
are typical of the period. There is the pleached, or platted, alley 
and the little ‘‘ Privy Garden ”’ enclosed by it. John Tradescent, 
who succeeded his father as gardener to Queen Elizabeth, and 
whose son founded the famous Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, 
was gardener to the first Lord Salisbury, and ultimately to 
Charles I. 
English gardens in Tudor times were distinguished from foreign 
ones by the evidence of the gardener’s greater pleasure in their culti- 
vation. We are told that to make up for the disadvantage of our 
damp atmosphere, and a comparative lack of sunshine, the English 
‘‘indulged in bright flower parterres rather than in the use of 
coloured earth, sculpture, and vases,” as abroad. The Tudors 
introduced the ‘‘ knot,” or intricately designed, box-bordered 
flower-bed, of which, later, we hear so much. They rejoiced also 
in sweet-smelling herbs; ‘‘ the comfortable smell of their rooms,” 
says Lavinius Leminius, a Dutchman, who paid a visit to England 
in 1560, ‘‘ cheered me up and entirely delighted my senses,” and 
this was owing to the English custom of strewing their houses 
with fragrant herbs and decorating them with flowers. Mar- 
joram, thyme, rosemary, etc., were largely cultivated, and in 
many cases formed the borders of the above-mentioned “ knots,” 
that, as it were, divided the parterre into compartments. In 
many instances the centre of this flowery area was occupied by 
a fountain, and sometimes open conduits conducted water to all 
parts of the garden. A fountain-pool might also often be found 
in the middle of the turfed, or stone-paved fore-court in front of 
the mansion. The servants’ offices, stables, etc., surrounding the 
base, or ‘“‘ bass-court,” usually lay at one side of this fore-court. 
Qn the other were the pleasure gardens and parterres; very 
often a wide terrace overlooked the garden, so raised as to com- 
mand a view of the parterre, 
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