GARDENS OF CELEBRITIES 
the same who, in 1215, headed the Barons and obtained the Magna 
Charta, each in turn resided“at the Manor House, which Glanville, 
Bishop of Rochester, at the end of the twelfth century, had built 
for a London residence for the Bishops of Rochester. 
By the year 1262 it appears to have become dilapidated, for at 
that date a Bull from Pope Urban IV. empowered Archbishop 
Boniface to dispose of a fourth of the offerings at the shrine of 
St. Thomas of Canterbury, ‘‘ and to turn them to pious uses” ; 
and he was ordered either to repair his ‘“‘ houses” at Lambeth, or 
to build new ones. 
Which alternative he elected to follow is not quite certain; 
it is supposed that Boniface erected the present chapel over the 
then existing crypt, but the crypt itself contains no architectural 
work earlier than the close of the twelfth, or beginning of the 
thirteenth century. Ducarel suggests that he also laid the 
foundation of the Great Hall; and, on the whole, Boniface is 
generally credited with being the first builder of the present 
palace. 
Fach succeeding Primate, with one exception, appears to have 
done something to add: to its dignity and convenience. The 
exception was Archbishop Kilwarby, or Kilwardby, who, about 
1275, robbed the See of Canterbury, and carried away with him 
to Rome all the jewels, plate, money, and, most important of all, 
the Register books belonging to the Archiepiscopate. The loss 
of these Registers has made the early history of Lambeth House 
very difficult to trace. 
In 1351, during the reign of Edward II., Archbishop Reynolds 
restored portions of the house. In 1381, in the reign of Richard II, 
Wat Tyler, incensed by the unpopular Poll Tax, headed a rebellion 
against the King, seized the Tower of London, and led a party 
against Lambeth House. They beheaded the Archbishop, Simon 
de Sudbury, sacked the building, and “‘ did all the mischief that 
a careless and enraged mob is capable of doing.” 
This mischief two succeeding prelates, Courtney and Arundel, 
did their best to repair. Arundel, the great persecutor of the 
Lollards, was followed by an eminent building Archbishop, Henry 
Chicherley, to whom Lambeth owes more, architecturally, than 
to any occupant of the See of Canterbury except Cardinal Morton, 
who built the great Gatehouse about the year 1490. 
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