6i8 



THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 



fhtto by J. S. RudLini 



i^' Sans 



INDIAN WEAVER-FISH 



One of the group of KbrpU)ii-fishci 



found off Japan, in which the 

 scales have joined together 

 to form a perfectly solid 

 armour, whilst the paired fins 

 e)f the abdomen have been 

 reduced to a single spine, with 

 a few vestiges of other rays. 



The next famil}', a com- 

 paratix'cly small one, includes 

 the Tassel-fish, so called from 

 the long and delicate feelers 

 springing from the base of 

 the breast-fins, of which they 

 originally formed a part. Vary- 

 ing in number from three to 

 fourteen, these feelers can be 

 moved independcnth' of the fins. As these fishes all live in muddy water, and have the eyes 

 obscured b\' films, such tactile organs are nccessar_\-, in order to enable them to procure their 

 food. In some species they attain an enormous length. The flesh is highly esteemed. Some 

 species have an air-bladder, which yields a good kind of isinglass, and forms an article of com- 

 merce in the East Indies. The majority are small species, but some attain to a length of 4 feet. 

 No less important than the preceding group, from an economic point of view, are the 

 Meagres, a family of coast-haunting species of the tropical and sub-tropical Atlantic and 

 Indian Oceans, exhibiting a special preference for the mouths of large ri\'ers, into which they 

 freel)' enter. Some, indeed, have become entirely fresh-water species. 



One of the most interesting of the famil}' is the species to which the name of DRUM has 

 been given, from the extraordinary noise which it produces — though some other kinds emit 

 similar noises. " These sounds," Dr. Giinther u-rites, " can better be expressed by the word 

 ' drumming ' than any other. They appear to be very frequently heard by persons in vessels 

 l_\-ing at anchor off the coasts of the United States, \vhere these fishes are ver\' common. The 

 precise method by which these sounds are produced is not known. Since they are accompanied 

 by a tremulous motion of the vessel, it seems more probable that they are due to the beating 

 of the tails of the fish against the bottom of the ship to get rid of the parasites with which 

 that part of their body is infested." The drum attains a length of more than 4 feet and a 

 weight of over 100 lbs. 



Though forming but a single small family, the SwuRD-FlsHES are nevertheless to be 

 reckoned amongst the most 

 interesting of living fishes. 

 Attaining a length of from 

 12 to 15 feet, exceeding 

 vigilant, pugnacious, and 

 powerful, the)' are amongst 

 the most formidable of all 

 fishes. They derive their 

 name from the great develop- 

 ment of the upper jaw, which 

 forms a huge, tapering, sword- 

 like weapon, covered along 

 its under-surface with numer- 

 ous small teeth. They attack, tiM, bj a. s. RuJia„d df s>n> 



apparently without provoca- RAGGED SEA-SCORPION 



tion, whales and other large a icco^d rcprc^Mati^ve of thz uorpion-f^hn 



