MANUAL OF PACK TEANSPOETATION. 27 



1. The body of the aparejo (I, fig. 1). — The principal leather parts 

 are: 



(a) Backpiece. 



(b) Body piece. 



(c) Boots, or end pieces. 



(d) Boot facings. 



(e) Front facing. 



(f) Center facing. 

 (a) Carrier pieces. 

 {%) The welts. 



Note. — See "Specifications for aparejos," section 130. 



2. The aparejo cover (or sobre-jalma) (II, fig. 1) is made of No. 4 

 cotton ducK. It is faced at sides and ends with leather, so as to give 

 sufficient width to enable it to cover the aparejo. The ends are pro- 

 tected by wooden sticks or shoes, held in place by caps of leather, 

 sewn over either end (L, II, fig. 1). These shoes serve to stiffen the 

 ends of the aparejo cover and keep it from wrinkling and gathering. 

 The cover is secured by thongs to the aparejo at the extremities of its 

 middle or center line (o, L, fig. 1). 



Note. — Sobre-Jalma, erroneously called sovereign hammer, soldier 

 hammer, is a compound word of Arabic and Spanish used by the 

 Morriscos of Spain, meaning "over cover;" sobre-jalma is a contrac- 

 tion of sobre-en-j almas, meaning a covering for the harnessing, and 

 applied to the aparejo or pack saddle, now called aparejo cover, or 

 sobre-jalma, sobre-halma (or so-bre-hal-ma) . 



3. The aparejo cincha (III, fig. 1), is made of No. 4 cotton duck, 

 doubled so as to have a width of 10 inches, and sewn along its center 

 with two seams spaced 1 inch apart. At one end it is faced with 

 leather (m, III, fig. 1) ; a ^-inch iron rod being held in the fold of the 

 facing, so as to be on the edge of the cincha. (Sec. 130.) 



After this facing is in place three holes are punched through it to 

 receive the lacing of the latigo, or cincha strap. The latigo {n, III, 

 fig. 1), is from 6 to 7 feet long. In its attachment to the cincha it 

 carries a ring, called the "rendering" ring, through which the latigo 

 passes in tightening {p, III, fig. 1). Fifteen inches from this end of 

 cincha a round piece of leather 3 inches in diameter is sewed on, and 

 two holes punched through it; a leather thong is attached thereto, so 

 as to leave a loop of 3 inches. This is called the "finger" loop, and 

 is used to secure the end of the latigo strap after cinching (q, III, 

 fig. 1). 



The other end of the cincha carries a curved piece of gas pipe 

 (r, III, fig. 1), flattened at each end, and provided with holes to 

 receive rivets. It is secured to the canvas by a leather facing. This 

 curved piece of pipe takes the place of an ordinary ring in the end of 

 cincha. 



When finished the cincha should be 8 inches longer than the aparejo 

 with which it is to be used and ten inches longer for mountain bat- 

 tery service. 



4. The crupper (IV, fig. 1) is made of heavy, black leather, about 

 78 inches long and 12 inches wide. At its middle part it is shaped 

 down to fit under the animal's dock. The portion which fits under 

 the dock is provided with a cover, called tlie "dock" piece. The 

 dock piece is filled with padding, antelope hair being considered best 



