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MANUAL OF PACK TKANSPOKTATION. 



The "arch" irons at front and rear, connecting the saddle boards, 

 occasionally spread apart, allowing the irons to rest on the animal's 

 withers and backbone by compression of weight of load. The arch 

 iron at front, being higher, prevents the employment of "top" loads 

 and, I may add, all "box loads, as the weight of load is thrown 



to the rear over the animal's kidneys, causing soreness and kidney 

 trouble. All packages of greater length than the width of the saddle 

 rest on the animal's hips, causing soreness, due to the low and close 

 fit of the saddle on the animal's body. 



In the application of the "diamond" hitch the rope slips off the 

 corners at ends of pads, due to lack of sufficient stiffness, as well as 



