MANUAL OF PACK TRANSPORTATION. 131 



a space of 6 inches between the hnes and an interval of about 2 feet 

 from center to center of lash ropes in the same line. 



Now place the loads on top of their respective lash ropes. 



In selecting packs to form a load, cargadors should be careful to 

 get both side packs of as nearly the same weight as possible, always, 

 however, placing the heavier pack on the bottom. Form loads ac- 

 cording to their kind as much as possible, as a mixed load is always 

 troublesome. 



Place the packs lengthwise on the ropes, but with the flatter side 

 of the packs down. 



When cargo is in place on lash ropes, commence at ends and place 

 the sling ropes on top of loads crosswise; then coil the ends of the 

 lash ropes and place them on top of the sling ropes. 



In parking a pack train the cargo is formed as here described, ex- 

 cept that the lash ropes are placed only as the loads are removed. 

 See Fig. 109. 



HOW TO PLACE THE RIGGING. 



Sec. 54. Preparatory to loading, the rigging is placed together, 

 either in line or in some other formation, as an L, a half circle, a 

 horseshoe, etc., as convenience or the nature of the ground may dic- 

 tate. 



If to be arranged in a straight line, the aparejos are placed so that 

 each will have its boots abutting squarely against those next adjoin- 

 ing. The line is parallel to the line of the cargo and about 10 paces 

 from it. 



If an L, place the first rigging in prolongation of the line of the 

 cargo and 10 paces from the end of the cargo. Then run ten rigging 

 in line perpendicular to the line of the cargo; turn at right angles 

 and run the rest parallel to the line of the cargo. The cargo is thus 

 included in the angle of the L. 



If a double L, start as in the case of a single L, and run ten rigging 

 in line perpendicular to the line of the cargo; turn and run thirty 

 parallel to the line of the cargo ; then turn again and run the last ten 

 perpendicular to the line of cargo. 



If half circle is desired, incline boot of each aparejo toward the 

 boot of the next aparejo, already in place. 



In each of these last two cases, the cargo is included between the 

 extremities of the line of rigging. 



In placing, always watch the front comers of the boots of the 

 aparejo; for as they are inclined or squared, so will the line run. 



As one stands in rear of the line of rigging, facing the front, the 

 "head rigging" is on the right, the "end rigging" on the left. See 

 Figs. 108, 109. 



HOW TO TEACH ANIMALS TO COME PROPERLY TO RIGGING. 



Sec. 55. Pack animals should be early taught to " come to the 

 rigging." The first and necessary requisite is to teach them to come 

 in from the herd ground properly. That is, they should string out 

 behind the "bell" animal, and should not bunch together like a flock 

 of sheep. A thoroughly organized train, if brought up in a bunch, 

 may take their places at the rigging without trouble; but a "shave- 

 tail," or unorganized train, never will. 



