132 MANUAL OF PACK TKANSPOETATION. 



The object of the instruction is to teach the animals to approach 

 the rigging quietly and take their places in line in rear of it, facing 

 toward the rigging. 



As the animals approach the rigging from the rear, in single file, 

 packers should take station on either side of the column. 



One packer holds the bell animal, facing the third rigging from the 

 head rigging. By the time all the animals are in place, the "bell" 

 will have been crowded down, opposite the first or head rigging. The 

 mules are then guided, so as to form in line, facing the rigging, on 

 theflankof the "bell" animal. (Figs. 108, 109.) 



To do this, one packer, in rear of the "bell" animal, guides- the 

 first mule to the proper flank of the "bell" animal; while one packer, 

 immediately in rear of the rigging, crowds the mule up toward the 

 "bell" animal. As the mules come in these two men gradually work 

 down the line, guiding each successive mule to his position. Three 

 packers are stationed on each side of the column of approaching ani- 

 mals to assist in guiding them in place. Should any animals break 

 away, the herders must be prompt to round them up and get them 

 back in place. 



The pack master and the cargador should stand in front of the rig- 

 ging to prevent the animals from jumping over. 



To more readily teach them to come to rigging, the animals may 

 be fed there, the feed covers being spread on rigging for that purpose. 

 This, however, should be discontmued as early as possible. 



HOW TO TIE ANIMALS AT RIGGING. 



Sec. 56. The animals having taken their places as described in 

 section 52, they are next tied together by means of their halter shanks. 

 (Figs. 108, 109.) 



The packers station themselves in rear of the animals and keep 

 them well up to the rigging. The pack master and cargador are in 

 front. The cargador places a blind on the last animal. 



The mules, as they come in from herd, have the halters on, the 

 halter shanks detached. These shanks are piled conveniently, one- 

 half at the head, one-half at the the end of the rigging. 



The pack master beginning at one end and the cargador at the 

 other now work toward the center, attaching the halter shanks to the 

 halters. 



This is done by means of the "snap" at one end of the shank. 



Then working from the center to the ends they tie the animals 

 together. Additional packers will be detailed to assist when neces- 

 sary. 



This is done as follows : Take the case of the man who is working 

 from the center toward his right or toward the "end rigging;" he 

 takes the halter shank of the first mule, i. e., the one nearest the cen- 

 ter, about 9 inches from the snap, and forms a bight or loop in it 6 

 inches long. Holding this in the left hand he grasps the halter shank 

 of the second mule about 2 feet from snap and brings it from front 

 to rear over the loop held in left hand, retaining it in place on the 

 loop by the pressure of the forefinger of the left hand. Then, with 

 the right hand, he grasps the free or running part, passes a bight of 

 it under the loop and under and over the standing part ; then down 

 through the loop held in left hand. Holding the original loop in the 



