MANUAL OF PACK TKANSPOKTATION. 141 



Unfold the covers (see sec. 79) and bring them lengthwise over 

 cargo, lapping them over one another, and allowing ends of covers to 

 come over ends of cargo, down to the ground. In doing this, notice 

 the direction of wind, and lap covers so that end may not be raised 

 by the wind. 



In covering cargo four packers are needed, in order to work to the 

 best advantage. Two work at each end, facing one another on oppo- 

 site sides of the cargo. Each coils one of the corner lash ropes, 

 and passes or throws the same down along the center of the cargo, 

 lengthwise; working from ends toward center; each pair of packers 

 will then exchange ropes, pass them into cincha hooKs at the sides 

 and bottom of the cargo, and repeat until center is reached. Then 

 secure the ropes at the top, or at the last hook, as the length of the 

 rope determines. The ropes thus form a lacing over the cargo. 



HOW TO COVER RIGGING AND TIE DOWN. 



Sec. 74. Two packers at each end of rigging, working toward cen- 

 ter, unfold covers (sec. 78) and place them lengthwise along the line 

 of rigging. In doing so overlap the cover adjoining, so that its end 

 may be engaged in tying down on top of aparejo selected. 



For securing covers in place sling or lair ropes are used when the 

 animals are tied to picket line, halter shanks when the animals are 

 on herd. 



In the first case, take a sling or lair rope and pass an end of it from 

 rear to front under the last aparejo on the line. This may readily 

 be done by "whipping" the rope over and under the aparejo. 



Then on top of the aparejo fasten the end by a slipknot to the 

 running part of the rope and draw snug, so that the knot will be at 

 the collar of the aparejo. 



Proceeding to the third aparejo, pass the other end of the rope 

 under it from rear to front as before; then bring the end up and, 

 passing it under and over the standing part, draw taut, so that the 

 intersection of the ropes will be at the collar of the aparejo. Take a 

 similar turn of the rope around the sixth aparejo, and so on. 



Lengthen the rope as needed by additional lair or sling ropes. 



One rigging cover extends over ten aparejos. At every tenth 

 aparejo the rope must consequently be made fast, so as to catch the 

 covers where they lap. Thus the rope is made fast at the third, sixth, 

 tenth, thirteenth, etc., aparejo. (Fig. 108.) 



In the second case, when the animals are on herd the covers are 

 secured by means of halter shanks. Pass the snap end under the 

 aparejo from rear to front and tie the ends together by a square knot 

 at the collar. As in the first instance "whip" the shank to more 

 readily get it over and under the aparejo. 



HOW TO STRETCH A PICKET LINE. 



Sec. 75. For securing the ends of picket line, if other conveniences 

 are not available, sink what is termed a "dead man" for each end 

 and, if necessary, one also at the middle. 



To do this cut two or three pieces of wood about 18 inches long. 

 At the ends and middle of the picket line dig holes about 18 inches 

 long, 12 inches wide, and 18 inches deep, or as deep as the nature of 



