MANUAL OF PACK TEANSPOETATION. 155 



(8) How to lace, fit, and cinch the aparejo to the mule, with due 

 regard to the proper size of aparejo necessary. 



(9) How many sections, giving the proper name, in the make of 

 the aparejo, what comprises the aparejo proper and the aparejo com- 

 plete, and how to make repairs to rigging (aparejos) and sew on 

 canvas. 



(10) The conformation of the hoofs and how the animal should be 

 properly shod for warm and cold seasons. 



(11) How to select "pack" and riding animals, with due regard 

 to endurance, strength, and docile qualities. 



(12) What remedies to apply in case of cutting of blood vessels. 



(13) What remedies to apply in case of snake bite and how to 

 prepare the wound for same. 



(14) How to prepare, "form," and cover cargo, and tie down 

 properly. 



(15) How to arrange aparejos in an orderly manner, cover and tie 

 down when in bivouac, as the nature of the ground will permit. 



(16) All hitches, knots, and splices customary in pack-train service. 



(17) How to construct a travois to carry wounded, and how to 

 improvise a stretcher for similar purpose. 



(18) How to put on a load in the most expeditious and satisfactory 

 manner, requiring not over one minute for ordinary loading, 



(19) How to catch a pack mule when his load needs attention. 



(20) How to quickly readjust a load in less than one minute. 

 (Experience will teach by sight and sense of touch how load is riding.) 



(21) When traveling up or down a mountain how to cut or take 

 as many turns as necessary to conserve the strength of the animals. 



(22) How to guard against accidents when crossing a stream, either 

 fording or swimming. 



(23) He must be attentive to animals and loads, that none of the 

 latter may fall off, impeding the progress of the train. 



(24) Be quick to note weakness in animals during travel and re- 

 lieve the same. 



(25) Be quick to note conditions of country that may endanger 

 the life of the animal and guard against accidents. 



(26) Be watchful, both day and night, during travel that none may 

 go astray. 



(27) Be kind in his treatment of animals. 



(28) Have a knowledge of the component parts of a ration and 

 the allowance for thirty days; also the allowance of grain, hay, and 

 bedding for horse and mule. 



(29) Have a fair knowledge of cookery, especially the art of mak- 

 ing good bread. 



(30) Be prompt to obey all proper orders emanating from the pack 

 master or other proper authority. 



(31) Always be ready for duty in all conditions of country and 



climate. 



(32) Be honest and honorable in all his dealmgs with Jus teliow- 



men. 



THE NOVICE, OB UNSKILLED PACKER. 



Sec. 109. One not versed in the usages and customs of the pack- 

 train service, but otherwise qualified as called for in section 107. 



