MANUAL OF PACK TKANSPOETATION. 



233 



The pacfefMWie placed on the aparejo is identical for all packs, 

 and consists of two cast-bronze arches connected by bronze side bars , 

 the frame thus formed is riveted to two steel hoops or ribs, which 

 are connected fore and aft by four steel plates stiffened by flat pieces 

 of wood, the lower ones supporting and distributing the effects of 

 side loads when hangers are used. 



The arrangement of the packs remains the same as in the English 

 system, and while the weights of the loads with packs are greater 

 they are closer to the mule's back, lessening the tendency to shift, are 

 more securely lashed, and the weight is better distributed by the 

 greater bearing surface of the aparejo. The method of lashing is 

 shown in figs. 143 to 149, inclusive. 



