i6o 



Vineyard Culture. 



after they have taken root, and are about being pruned. 

 The staking is done in the spring, immediately after the 

 last winter-dressing of the soil. The stakes are all 

 pointed, and driven into the earth to the depth of ten 

 to twelve inches, according to the hight of the vine. 

 The stakes are sometimes driven into the ground by 



means of a wooden mal- 

 let, but most generally 

 by main strength, and 

 bearing on them with 

 the weight of the whole 

 body. It is a tedious, 

 expensive, and very la- 

 borious work for the la- 

 borer, to avoid which, 

 and facilitate the work, 

 several tools, such as 

 stake-drivers, etc., have 

 been invented. 



The " driver," repre- 

 sented in Figures 64 and 

 65, was invented by M. 

 Dugay, agricultural im- 

 plement maker, at Ar- 

 genteuil, near Paris. It 

 consists of an iron rod 

 A, provided with a han- 

 dle B, at the top. Inl 

 [Fig. 64.] — Mode of using Du- the middle of this rod 

 gay's Stake-Driver. there is a hook C, and 



at its lower extremity a sort of claw, the inside angles 

 of which are cutting ; a stirrup E, projects on the op- 



