1 68 Vineyard Culture. 



Our stakes are of locust, cedar, or oak, and cost, res- 

 pectively : 



Locust, 7 feet, per thoeuand $30 00 



Cedar, 7 feet, per thousand 50 00 



Oak, 7 feet, per thousand zo 00 



DRESSING AND POINTING. 



Locust and oak, per thousand $z 00 



Cedar, per thousand i 50 



Our method of training, when stakes are used, is usually 

 the bow and spur system — fruiting on the one, and pro- 

 ducing new canes from the other. And we generally use but 

 one stake to each vine. Some, however, have one stake for 

 the fruit, and another for the canes. 



A modification is suggested by the writer of " My Vine- 

 yard at Lakeview," which consists in having an additional 

 rod, inclined from the base of one stake to the top of the 

 next, where it is secured by a nail, or by an osier. This 

 enables the vine-dresser to avoid crowding the vine on one 

 stake, and obviates the use of the bow ; but the author pro- 

 poses to train the fruit-bearing branch to the upright stake, 

 and to grow the young cane along the inclined one. In this, 

 he is exactly wrong, for the inclination would favor the more 

 even bearing of the branch, while the upright stake would be 

 more suitable for the growth of the renewal cane from the 

 spur. 



Mr. John D. Clarke, Horticultural Manager of the Reform 

 School, near Lancaster, Ohio, trained his vines to vertical 

 stakes; but to equalize the flow of sap, and distribute the 

 fruit evenly, instead of making the bow, he twisted the vine 

 around the stake, in a coil, or spiral, and secured it firmly. 

 He reports the plan very successful in its results.] 



Training on Wire. — These serious drawbacks have 

 long been recognized, and it has been sought to substi- 

 tute other supports for those we have just spoken of. 



