THE NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY. 189 



in the spring of 1900, before the trees were in leaf, he saw a 

 large flock of Tufted Titmice in the woods west of Riverside, 

 Illinois. Mr. E. W. Nelson says* that it "occurs only during 

 fall and winter, when straggling parties occasionally visit us from 

 southern Illinois, where it is one of the characteristic species." 



The range of this species covers the United States east of 

 the Great Plains, and from the Connecticut Valley and southern 

 Michigan southward. It is usually resident and breeds through- 

 out its range. 



Genus PENTHESTES Reichenbach, 1850. 



Penthestes atricapillns (Linnaeus). Chickadee. 



Parus atrioapillus Linn^us, S. N., ed. 12, I, 1766, 341. 



Popular synonyms: Black-capped Titmouse or Chickadee. East- 



EBN or NOETHEEN CHICKADEE. 



The Chickadee is a common resident, but is more common 

 during its migrations and in winter. 



The range of this species extends over Northeastern North 

 America, east of the Great Plains, and from the mountains of 

 North Carolina, the Ohio Valley and Missouri northward. It 

 breeds quite throughout its range. 



Penthestes carolinensis (Audubon). Carolina Chickadee. 



Farus carolinensis Audubon, Om. Biog., II, 1834, 341, pi. 160. 

 Popular synonyms: Cabolina Titmouse. Southeen Chickadee. 



The only records I have of the occurrence of this pretty and 

 active bird within our limits are the following: Mr. E. W. 

 Nelson says* that it is "a rare summer visitant to the 'Pinery,' 

 at the southern end of Lake Michigan." Mr. J. Grafton Parker, 

 Jr., obtained a specimen of this diminutive Chickadee at Lake 

 Forest, Illinois, in December, 1890. 



The range of this species includes the Southeastern United 

 States, north to New Jersey and Illinois, and west to eastern 

 Texas, the Indian Territory, and Missouri. 



Penthestes hudsonicus (Forster). Hudsonian Chickadee. 



Parus hudsonicus Foestee, Phil. Trans., LXII, 1772, 388, 430. 

 Parus hudsonicus Nelson, Bull, Essex Inst, VIII, 1876, 95. 

 Parus hudsonicus Ridgway, Birds of Illinois, I, 1889, 82. 



The Hudsonian Chickadee may be regarded as a very rare 

 winter visitant. There are but four records of its occurrence in 



*Birds of NoTtheaEtern Illinois, Bull, of the Essex Institute, Vol. VIII, 1876, 95. 



