HG BESmS, BITTER FBINCll'LES, ETC. 



alcohol, but insoluble in>vater and petroleum spirit. It dissolves 

 in. cone, sulphuric acid, from which it can be precipitated by 

 water. Betuliu forms white crystals, which melt at about 200°, 

 and are not attacked by aqueous alkalies, i 



Anacardic acid can be obtained as a white crystalline mass, 

 melting at 26°, freely soluble in alcohol and ether, and dissolving 

 in cone, sulphuric acid with blood-red colouration. ^ 



Cardol is a colourless oil accompanying anacardic acid in the 

 eashew nut. It is soluble in alcohol and in ether, but not in 

 water, and possesses powerful vesicant properties (not shared by 

 anacardic acid). It can be renioved from suspension in water by 

 agitation with chloroform. Contact with dilute potash for a short 

 time does not result in the loss of the vesicant property of cardol, 

 as is the case when the alkali is concentrated and the action pro- 

 longed. The tough mass thus produced becomes red on exposure 

 to the ail', and gives with basic acetate of lead a precipitate that 

 shows the same peculiarity. 



§ 156. Absinthiin, etc. — The following bitter principles are also 

 soluble in ether : ahsinthiin^ (dissolves in cone, sulphuric acid with 

 brown colour, passing to violet. See also § 55), adansomn,* 

 cdchamin,^ anthemic acid,^ aniirin,'^ a/ristolochia-yellint),^ arnicin^ 

 asclepiadin,^'' beberic acid,^^ cailcedrin,^^ caryophyllin^^ (coloured blood- 

 red by concentrated sulphuric acid, cf. § 55), cascarillin'^* 



^ Compare Hausniann, 'Btsitritge zur Kenntniss des Betulins,' Gottingen, 

 1878. 



^ See Stadeler, Annal J. Chem. und Pharm. Ixiii. 137, 1847 (Amer. Joum. 

 Phann. xx. 139). 



' Compare Kromayer, Archiv d. Phann. oviii. 129, 1868. 



* Compare Walz, Jahrb. f. prakt.' Phana. . xxiv. 100, 242 ; xxvii, 1 ; 

 Wittstein, Vierteljahressch. f. prakt. Pharm. iv. 41. 



'' Compare Prenzel, Archiv d. Pharm. xxiii. 173, 1829 ; Biltz, ibid. xii. 46, 

 1826. 



" Compare Jahresb. f. Pharm. 51, 1867 ; 46, 1871. 



' Compare Walz, Jahrb. f. prakt, Pharm. xxvii. 74, 129 (Amer. Journ. 

 Phai-m. XXXV. 295). 



' Compare Frickinger, Kepert f. Pharm. [3], vii. 12. 



s Compare Walz, N. Jahrb. f. Pharm. xiii. 175 ; xiv. 79 ; xv. 329, 1860, 

 1861 (Amer. Journ. Pharm. xxxiii. 451). 



'" Compare List, Annal. d. Chem. und Pharm. Ixix. 125, 1849. 



^' Compare Maclagan, Annal. d. Chem. nnd Pharm. xlviii. 106, 1843 ; Iv. 

 105, 1846 (Amer. Journ. Pharm. xix. 113). 



12 Compare Caventpu, N. Jahrb. f. Phann. xvi. 336, 1861. 



" Compare Bonastre, Jahrb. f. Pharm. xi. 103 ; and Jahn, Annal. d. Chem. 

 und Pharm. xix. 333, 1837. 



'* Compare Trommsdorf, N. .Journ. f. Pharm. xxvi. 2, 142 ; and DuvaJj 

 N. Jahrb. f. Pharm. viii. 95, 1857. 



