9.6 



STLVICOLIDiE, WAEBLERS. — GEN. 35. 



species ; I believe it to be an infallible key to the perfect male plumages, and that it 

 will probably hold good for spring specimens of both sexes of many species ; but 

 it will fail for nearly all autumnal and most female specimens of (b) . It is difficult 

 if not impossible to meet the varied requirements of these by rigid analysis ; and 

 recourse must be had to the detailed descriptions of the species arranged in what 

 seems to be their natural sequence. The supplementary table of certain peculiar- 

 ities may, however, prove of much assistance, though it is not a complete analysis. 



ANALYSIS OF PERPECT SPRING 5IALES. 



Tail feathers edged "With yellow, cestlva. 



Tail feathers blotched with white ; a white spot at the base of primaries, ctBrulescens. 



— no white spot at base of primaries, (a) 



(a) Wing-bare not white. Below, white, sides chestnut-streaked, crown yellow, pennsylvanica. 



— yelloiv; sides reddish-streaked, crown reddish, palmarum, 



— black-streaked; above, awhy Icirtlandii. 



— olive, reddish-streaked, . discolor. 



(a) Wing-bars white (sometimes fused into one large white patch), (b) 



(b) Crown blue, like the back; below, white, sides and breast streaked, ccerulea. 



— chestnut, like the throat; below, and sides of neck, buffy tinged casianea. 



— clear ash; rump and under parts yellow, breast and sides black-streaked, maculosa. 



— blackish, "With median line orange-brown, like the auriculars; rump yellow, tigrina. 



— perfectly black ; throat black; a small yellow loral spot, nigrescens. 



— not black; no yellow; feet flesh-color, striata. 



— witli yellow spot; throat flame-color; rump not yellow, blackburnice. 



— white; rump and sides of breast yellow coronata. 



— yellow; rump and sides of breast yellow, audubonii. 



(b) Crown otherwise; throat black; back ashy, streaked, rump ash, crown yellow, occidentalis. 



— blackish, rump black, crown blackish, cltrysopareia. 



— olive; crown like back, virens. 



— not like back, townsendii. 



— yellow; back olive; no black or ashy on head pinus. 



— ashy-blue; cheeks the same ; eyelids yellow, gracicB. 



— black ; eyelids white, dominica. 



Diagnostic marks of certain Warblers in any plumage. 



A white spot at base of primaries — cairulescens. 



A yellow spot in front of the eye and nowhere else — nigrescens. 



Wings and tail dusky, edged with yellow — cestiva. 



Wing-bars and belly yellow — discolor.- 



Wing-bars yellow, and belly pure white — pennsylvanica. 



Wing-bars white, tail-spots oblique, at end of two outer feathers only — pifijis. 



Wing-bars brownish, tail-spots square, at end of two outer feathers only — pal- 

 marnm. 



Wing-bars not evident (?), whole under parts yellow, back with no greenish — 

 Jcirtlandii. 



Tail-spots at end of nearly all the feathers, and no definite yellow anywhere — 

 ccerulea. 



Tail-spots at middle of nearly all the feathers, rump and belly yellow — maculosa. 



Rump, sides of breast, and crown more or less yellow ; throat white — coronata. 



Rump, sides of breast, crown and throat, more or less yellow — audubonii. 



Throat definitely yellow, belly white, back with no greenish — dominica or graciae. 



Throat yellow or orange, crown with at least a trace of a central yellow or 

 orange spot, and outer tail feather white-edged externally — blackburnice. 



Throat, breast and sides black or with black traces, sides of head with diff'use 

 yellow, outer tail feather white-edged externallj' — virens and its western allies. 



Bill ordinary ; and with none of the foregoing special marks — striata or castanea. 



Bill extremely acute, perceptibly curved: rump (generally) yellow — tigrina. 



