Fig. 7:i. Butclicrljira. 



LANIID^, SHRIKES. GEN. 54. _ 125 



and the j'onng differ but little. There are onlj^ two well determined American 

 species, of nine that compose the genus. 



j*^ 54. Genus COLLXJRIO Vigors. 



y? * Great Northern Shrike, or Butcherbird. Clear bluish-ash blanching on 

 the rump and scapulars, below white always veriniculatcd with tine Avavy 

 blackish lines; a black bar along side of head not meeting its fellow across 

 forehead, interrupted by a white crescent on under eyelid, and l)ordered 

 above T)y hoary white that also occu- 

 pies the extreme forehead ; wings 

 and tail black, the former with a 

 large spot near base of the prima- 

 ries, and the tips of most of the 

 C|uills, white, the latter with nearly 

 all the feathers broadly tijjped with 

 white, and with concealed white 

 bases; bill and feet black; 9-10 



long; wing 4J ; tail rather more. The young is similar, Init none of the 

 colors are so pm'e or so intense ; the entire plumage has a brownish snfi'u- 

 sion, and the bill is tiesh colored at base. North America, northerly ; 

 Ijreeds, however, in mountainous parts of the United States ( Alleghanies, 

 Ttirnhull) ; in winter, usually extends southward about to .35° {Couen). 

 WiLS., i, 74, pi. 5, f. 1; Nutt., i, 258; Aud., iv, 1-30, pi. 23G ; Bd., 324, 



and Rev. 440 boreilis. 



o s' Loggerhead Shrike. Slate-colored, slightly whitish on the rump and 

 ' scapulars, below Avhite, with a few obscure wavy black lines, or none; black 

 bar on side of head meeting its fellow across the forehead, not interrupted 

 by white on under eyelid, and scarcely or not bordered above by hoary white ; 

 otherwise like horealis in color, but smaller ; 8-8J ; wing about 4 ; tail rather 

 more. Young birds differ much as described under horealis, and are decid- 

 edly waved below as in that species ; but the other characters readily distin- 

 guish them. South Atlantic States. WiLS., iii, 57, pi. 22, f. 5; Ndtt., 

 i, 561; Aud., iv, 135, pi. 237; Bd., 325, and Eev. 443. . ludovicianus. 



Var. EXCUBiTOKOiDES. WMte-ruraped Shrike. With the size, and the essential 

 characters of the head-stripe, of ludovicianus, and the under parts, as in tliat 

 species not, or not obviouslj^, waved, but with the clear light ash ufoper parts, and 

 hoary whitish superciliary line, scapulars and rump of horealis. Middle and West- 

 ern N. Am. ; N. to tlie Saskatchewan, E. to Illinois, S. into Mexico. Bd., 327, 

 328, and Kev., 344, 345 ; Coop., 138. 



Ous. Extreme examples of ludovicianus and exciibitoroides look veryclifferent, 

 but they are observed to melt into each other when many specimens are compared, 

 so that no specific character can be assigned. To this species I must also refer the 

 0. elegans of Baird, considering that the single specimen upon which it was based, 

 represents an individual peculiarity in the size of the bill. This specimen is sup- 

 posed to be from California, but some of Dr. Gambel's to which the same locality is 

 assigned, were certainly procured elsewhere, and it may not be a North American 



t? 



