FRINGILLIDTE, FINCHES, ETC. GEN. 84, 85. 



151 



Length al)oiit 8J ; wing oj ; tail 4-^. Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Capo St. 

 Lucas. Cass., 111. 204, pi. 33; Bd., 508; Coop., 236. . . . sinuata. 



7 84. Gen-US CAEDINAIjIS Bonaparte. 



i*-r Cardinal Ited-hird. Virginia Niglitingal.e. Conspicuously ci'cstcd ; 



tail longer than the wings, both .rounded. • ^ rich vcianilion or rosy red, 



ol)scured with ashy on the Ijack, face black, 



bill reddish, feet brown. $ ash3'-ljrown, 



paler below, with evident traces of the red 



on the crest, wings, tail and under parts. 



Length 8-*) ; wing al)out 3j ; tail 4 ; <? 



rather less than the $ . Eastern United 



States, somewhat southern, seldom north to 



the Connecticut Vallc}^ ; a bird of striking 



appearance and l)rilliant vocal powers, resi- 

 dent in thickets and undergrowth, alnmdant. 



Its rolling notes recall those of the Carolina 



wren, but are stronger. AVils., ii, 38, pi. 



G, f. 1, 2; NuTT., i, 519; Aud., iii, 198, pi. 203; Bd., 509. vikginiaxus. 

 p. Var. iGNEUS. Like the last, but paler, witli the black frontlet iuteiTupteil at the 



base of tlie eulmen, where the red comes down to the bill. Cape St. Lucas ; C<^lo- 



rado Vallejr. Bu., Froc. Phila. Acad. 1859, 305 ; Elliot, pi. IC ; Coor., 238. 



Fig. 90. Canlinal Jlt^.l-ljinl. 



85. Genus PIPILO Vieillot. 



* Colors of the male black, white and chestnut in deflnite areas. 

 • J I No white on the scapulars or wing coverts. Sexes ver}^ unlike. 

 ' TowJtee Bunting. Mavah Robin. Olieioinh. (plate ii, tigs. 17, 18, 

 11a, 18rt.) Adult male black, belief white, sides chestnut, crissum fulvous 

 brown ; primaries and inner secondaries with white touches on the outer 

 webs; outer tail feather with the outer web and nearly the terminal half of 

 the inner web, white, tlie next two or three with white spots decreasing in 

 size; l)ill blackish, feet pale brown, iris red ia the adult, white or creamy 

 in the young, and generally in winter specimens; 9 rich warm brown 

 where the (J is black, otherwise similar. Very young birds are streaked 

 In-own and dusky al)Ove, below whitish tinged with brown and streaked with 

 dusky ; Ijut this plumage, corresponding to the very earl}^ speckled condi- 

 tion of thrushes and warblers, is of brief duration ; sexual distinctions may 

 be noted in birds just from the nest, ;uid they rapidly become much like 

 the adults. ^ %^ ; wing 3J, much rounded ; tail 4 ; $ rather less. Eastern 

 United States, an abundant and familiar inhabitant of thickets, luidergrowth 

 and liriery tracts, spending much of its time on the ground, scratchino- 

 among fallen leaves; migratory. Nest on the ground, bulky, of leaves, 

 grasses and other liln'ous material; eggs 4-5, white, thickly speckled with 

 reddish. AVils., vi, 90, pi. 53; Nutt., i, 515; Aud., iii, 167, pi. 195; 

 Bu., 512 Eurrui;oi'iiiuALi\ius. 



vO 



