TYRANNIDiE, FLYCATCHERS. GEN. 109. 175 



Train's Fh/cafc/ier. A1)ove, olivc-hrown, lighter and duller brownish 

 ^posteriorly, darker anteriorly, owing to obviously dusky centres of the 

 coronal feathers ; belo\v, nearly as in acadicufi, but darker, the olive-gray 

 shading quite across the breast; wing-markings grayish-white with slight 

 }'ellowish or tawny shade ; under mandible pale ; upper maudil)le and feet 

 black. Averaging a little less than acadicus; 5J-6 ; wing 25-23, more 

 rounded, its tip only reaching about § of an inch beyond the secondaries, 

 formed by 2d, 3d and 4th quills, as before, but 5th not so much shorter, 

 (hardly or not ^ of an inch), the 1st ranging between 5th and 6th ; tail 2J ; 

 tarsus §-, as before, but middle toe and claw |, the feet thus differently pro- 

 portioned, owing to length of toes. Eastern North America to the Plains, 

 common ; an entirely ditlerciit bird from acadicus, but ditficnlt to distinguish 

 from the following species. Auc, i, 234, pi. 65; Kutt., i, 2d ed. 323; 



Bd., 192, 193 TRAILLII. 



CL Var. PusiLLUS of Bd., 194, which replaces true trcdllii from the Plains to the 

 Pacific, may usually be recognized by its more fuscous coloration, the olivaccoas 

 and j'cllowish shades of truiUii being sul)dued ; by its larger bill, and the feet nearly 

 as in acadicus. The original Tijranmda pusilla of Swaixsox, Fn. Bor.-Ani. ii, 144 ; 

 AuD., ii, 23C,, pi. GG, is uncertain, just as likely have been minimus as this bird. 

 I therefore pass over the aiame, which, if belonging here, antedates traillii, and 

 adopt traillii for the eastern form (although Audubon says "Arkansas to the 

 Columbia"), takmg jju sill us of Baikd for the western varietJ^ 



(, ',» Least Flycatcher. Colors almost exactly as in traillii; usually however 

 • olive-gray rather than olive-brown ; the wing-markings, eye-ring and loral 

 feathers plain grayish-white ; the whole anterior parts often with a slight 

 ashy cast; under mandible ordinarily duskj' ; feet perfectly black. It is a 

 smaller bird than traillii, and not so stoutly built ; the wing-tip projects only 

 about J au inch beyond the secondaries ; the 5th quill is but very little 

 shorter than the 4th, the 1st apt to be nearer 6th than 5th; the feet are 

 differently proportioned, being much as in acadicus; the bill is obviously 

 under J an inch long. Length 5-5^-; wing 2J or less; tail about 2J. 

 Although it grades up to traillii in size, and has no obviously different color- 

 ation, j'et I am satisfied that it is a different bird. Eastern North America to 

 the Plains, very abundant in the U. S. during the migrations, in orchards, 

 coppices, hedgerows and the skirts of Avoods rather than in heavy forests. 



AuD., vii, 343, pi. 491 ; Bd., 195 1 . minimus. 



,.,' ■ Yellow-heTlied Flycatcher. Above, olive-green, clear, continuous and 

 "^ ' uniform as in acadicus, or even brighter; below, not merelj^ yellow/«7i, as in 

 the foregoing, but emphatically yellotv, briglit and pure on the belly, shaded 

 on the sides and anteriorly with a paler tint of the color of the back ; eye- 

 ring and wing-markings 3'ellow ; under mandible j'cllow ; feet black. In 

 respect of color, this species differs materially from all the rest ; none of 

 them, even at their autumnal yellowest, quite match it. Size of traiUii, or 

 rather less; feet proportioned as in acadicus; bill nearly as in minimus, but 

 rather larger; li?t quill usually equal to 6th. Eastern United States, 



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