PICID^E, WOODPECKERS. GEN. 131. 193 



spots contiuued less thickly along the whole side and on the crissum ; under 

 parts otherwise soiled white ; central tail feathers l)]ack, others white, black- 

 l)arred ; l)ack and wings barred with Ijlack atid white, the larger quills and 

 many coverts with the white bars resolved into paired spots; 8-8 J ; extent 

 14-15 ; wing 4J ; tail 3J. Pine swamps and l)arrens of the South Atlantic 

 and Gulf States; North to Pennsylvania. WiLS., ii, 103, pi. 15; Nutt., 



1,577; AuD., iv, 254, pi. 264; Bd., 96 borealis. 



a cf^ Texan Woodjjecker. Crown black, frequently speckled with white, in the 

 ^ the hind head and nape extensively crimson ; sides of the head white, 

 with a long l^lack stripe from the bill under the eye, widening behind, there 

 joining a l)lack postocular stripe and sjircading over the side of the neck ; 

 nasal feathers usually brown ; under parts ranging from soiled white to 

 smoky gra}', with numerous black spots on the sides, flanks and crissum; 

 lateral tail feathers perfectly barred with black and white in equal amounts, 

 the central ones black ; back and wings as in the last species. Small ; about 

 7 ; wing 3J-4 ; tail under 3 ; bill i-J. Southwestern U. S. and southward. 

 Bd., 94; Coop., 379 scalaris. 



OL- Var. KUTTALLii. Rather larger ; more white, this rather prevailing on the back 

 over the black bars, the hind neck chiefly white, the nasal tufts white, the lateral 

 tail feathers, especially, sparsely or imperfectly barred. The Californian coast 

 race ; Bd., 93 ; Coop., 378. Picas hccasanus, from Cape St. Lucas, is a local form 

 like nuttallii, with rather larger bill and feet ; bill 1 inch. Xantus, Proc. Phila. 

 Acad. 1859, 298, 302; Cass., ibid. 1863, 195; Coop., 381. P. paniis Cabot; 

 P. bairdii Sclater ; PP. vagatus and orizabce Cassin, all belong to scalaris. 

 *** Spotted and lengthwise streaked, but not banded, 

 t Usually 9-10 long ; outer tail feathers wholly white. 



' Cf i ■ Hairy Woodpecher. Back black, with a long white stripe ; quills and i/ 

 >- ' wing covert's with a profusion of white spots ; four middle tail feathers black, 

 uext pair black and white, next two pair white, as stated ; under parts white ; 

 crown and sides of head black, with a white stripe over and behind the eye, 

 another from the nasal feathers running below the eye to sjiread on the side 

 of the neck, and a scarlet nuchal band in the ^ , wanting in the ? ; young 

 with the crown mostly red or bronzy, or even j^ellowish. Eastern North 

 America, abundant. Wing nearly 5 ; tail oh ; bill 1 J ; whole foot 1§. Varies 

 greatly iu size, mainl}' according to latitude. Large whiter northern birds 

 are — P. leucomelas Bodd., PI. Enlum. 345, f. 1; P. canadensis Gm., i. 

 437; P.phiUipsii Aud., iv, 238, pi. 259 (young with crown yellowish) ; 

 P. septentrionalis Nutt., i, 2d ed. 684 (same) ; var. major Bd., 84. 

 Ordinary birds are — P. villositsWiLS., i, 150, pi. 9 ; Nutt., i, 575 ; Aud., 

 iv, 244, pi. 262; P. martino} Aud., iv, 240, pi. 200 (young with crown 

 reddish) ; P. rubricapillus Nutt., i, 2d ed. 685 (same) ; var. mediiis Bd., 

 84. Small southern birds are — P. auduboni Swainson, Fn. Bor.-Am. ii, 

 306; P. auduboni Trudeau, Joimi. Phila. Acad. 1837, 404 (young with 

 crown yellowish); Aud., iv, 259, pi. 265; Nutt., i, 2d ed. 684; var. 

 minor Bd., 85 villosus. 



KEY TO N. A. BIRDS. 25 



