194 " riOIDiE, AVOODPKCKEES. GEN. 132, 133. 



^P Var. HARRisii. Exactly like t'i7Zo.SMS, excepting fewer wiug-spots ; generally mome 



on the coverts and inner quills ; with specimens enough we can see the spots disap- 

 pear one by one. Generally white below, but in some regions smoky-gray (a thing 

 not observed in Eastern birds, but apparently due, sometimes at least, to soiling 



with carbonaceous matter). Eocky Mountains 

 to the Pacific. Aud., iv, 242, pi. 261 (dark- 

 bellied) ; NuTT.,i, 2d ed. 627; Bd., 87 ; Coop., 

 375. P. liyloscopus Cabanis. 



ft Usually 6-7 long ; outer tail feathers barred 

 \\ ^""^Sikv\\,\«».!^$ with black aud white. 



*''' '"''^^Hffi^SL Doicny Woodpevlier. Exactly like P. v 



n II' \\^^\V^mS^^^^ t;2'So6-i(s, except in the above rcsisects ; wing 



;;i^ FlG.m Dou-ny Woodpecker. ^^^^^^ 4. jjj^ ^^^Jg,. 3. I^JH .ibout § J wbole 



foot 1^. Eastern North America, abundant in orchards, aud all wooded 

 places. . WiLS., i, 153, pi. 9 ; Nutt., i, 576 ; Aud., iv, 249, pi. 26^ ; Bd., 

 89. P. merldionalis Swains., F. B.-A. ii, 308 (small southern race) ; 



P. medianus Id., ibid. 308 pubescens. 



,>^ Var. GAiRDNERii. Bearing the same relation to P. piibescens, that harrisii does to 

 P. villosus, and inhabiting the same regions ; the wing spots few or wanting on the 

 inner quills and the coverts, the belly smokj'-gray in some localities. Aud., iv, 

 252 ; Bd., 91, pi. 85 ; Coop., 377. P. meridionalis Nutt., i, 2d ed. 690. 



132. Genus PICOIDES Lacepede. 



*.»* Three-toed ; the hallux absent. Crown with a yellow patch in the ^ ; 

 sides of head striped, of body barred, with black and white ; under parts otherwise 

 white ; quills with white spots ; tail feathers unbarred, the outer white, the central 

 black. Length 8-9 ; wing 4J-5 ; tail 3^-4. 

 ^(yv Black-backed Woodpecker. Back uniform black. Arctic America to the 

 Northern States. Aud., iv, 266, pi. 268; Nutt., i, 578; Bd., 98; Coop., 

 384. P. tyidactylus Bonap., Am. Orn. ii, 14, pi. 14, f. 2. . aucticus. 

 Banded Woodpecker. Back with a white lengthwise stripe, banded with 

 black tips of the feathers. Arctic America iuto Northern States. P. liir- 

 suhts Aud., iv, 268, pi. 269 ; Nutt., i, 2d ed. 622 ; Bd., 98 ; P. trldc(ctijlus ' 

 Swains., F. B.-A. ii,311,pl. 56; P. americanus Coop., 385. ameuicanus. 

 ^L Var. doksalis. Back with an uninterrupted white stripe ; Bd., 100, pi. 85, f. 1. 



Rocky Mountain region. *.j.* All the species of this genus are unquestionably 

 modified derivatives of one circumpolar stock ; the American seem to have become 

 completely differentiated from the Asiatic and European, and further divergence ■ 

 seems to have perfectly separated arcticus from americanus; but dorsalis and 

 americanus are still linked together. 



133. Genus SPHYRAPICUS Eaird. 



*"** Tongue not extensible ; the tip brushy ; liyoid bones short. Birds of this 

 genus feed much upon fruits, as well as insects, and also, it would seem, upon soft 

 iinier bark (cambium) ; they injure fruit trees by stripping off' the bark, sometimes 

 in large areas, instead of simply boring holes. Of the several small species com- 

 monly called " sapsuckers," they alone deserve the name. In declaring war against 



