304 



GRACULID7E, CORMORANTS. GEN. 275. 



with edges of the feathers paler than the centres ; gorget fawn-colored, as iu 

 the adult (^Phalacrocorax toiunsendiil AuD., vi, 438, pi. 418). Pacific 

 Coast, U. S., common. Brandt, I. c. 55; Gajubel, Journ. Phila. Acad. 



1849,227; Lawr. in Bd., 880 penicillatus. 



j''^; ■ Pallas's Cormorant. Deep lustrous green, above and below, with blue 

 gloss on the neck, and rich purplish on the scapulars and wing coverts, the 

 latter not edged; shafts of tail feathers (said to be) ivhite; if this holds, it 

 is a unique character among our species. Adult with coronal and occipital 

 crests (not lateral paired crests) ; a white flank-patch in the breeding season ; 

 face and neck with long sparse straw-yellow plumes ; sac orange. Large ; 

 36 ; wing 13 ; tail 7? 9? tarsus 3 ; bill (along gape?) 4, very stout, | deep 

 at base. N. Pacific Coast. I have not seen this species, which seems to be 

 well marked. Pallas, Zoog. R.-A. ii, 305; Gould, Voy. Sulphur, 49, pi. 

 32; ScHLEGEL, I. c. 17; BoNAP., Cousp. Av. ii, 167; Lawk, iu Bd., 877; 



Elliot, pi. 50 perspicillatus. 



I' 'in Red faced Cormorant. Frontal feathers not reaching base of the culmen, 

 the bill being entirely surrounded by naked red skin which also encircles the 

 eyes, somewhat carunculate, forming a kind of wattle on each side of the 

 chin; base of under mandible blue; feet black, blotched with yellow. 

 Crown with a median black crest, and nape with another, in the same line. 

 Li the specimen examined, a large white flank-patch, but no white plumes ou 

 neck. Plumage richly iridescent, mostly green, but violet and steel-blue 

 on the neck, purplish, violet and bronzy on the back and wings, the feathers 

 there w«7/!0(j(! definite dark edgings. Length 33 ; extent 48 ; wing 12 ; tarsus 

 21; gape of bill 3. Kadiak, Alaska; described from the single recognized 

 specimen, No. 52, 512, Mus. Smiths. Inst., the same noticed by Baird, Trans. 

 Chicago Acad, i, 321, pi. 33, believed to represent the Phalaerocorax bicris- 

 tatus of Pallas, Zoog. E.-A. ii, 183. Probably the "red-faced cormorant," 

 Pelecanus urile, of Pennant, Latham and Gmelin, but as this jDoiut cannot 



be decided, I accept Baird's identification bicristatus. 



J Violet-green Cormorant. Frontal feathers reaching culmen ; gular sac 

 inconspicuous, very extensively feathered, the feathers reaching on the sides 

 of the under mandible to below the eyes, and running in a point on the sac 

 far in advance of this. Small; length 24-28 ; wing 10-11 ; tail 6 or less; 

 tarsus 2 or less; bill along gape 3 or less, very slender, and smooth on the 

 sides, its depth at base about ^. Deep lustrous green, including the back; 

 the scapulars, wing coverts and sides of the body iridescent with purplish or 

 coppery, the neck with rich violet and blue ; gular sac orange ; feet black ; 

 Two median lengthwise crests as iu the last two species. Among the speci- 

 mens before me, one has no white flank-patch, but a few white scattered 

 plumes on the neck; another, marked ? , has none of these, but a large 

 snowy tuft on the flanks. A third, labelled "bairdii, $ , Farallones, Apr. '61," 

 has both the flank tufts and the neck plumes ; it is very small, the wing being 

 under 10, the tarsus If, the gape 2|, and the bill is extremely slender; it 

 possibly represents a small southern race, bearing somewhat the relation to 



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