14 . BRITISH HEPATIC^. 



a major. Shoots 1|" to 3", by a line in diameter, compressed; 

 stems rigid, sub-ligneous ; leaves rather distant, patent-divergent, 

 less concave, cordate emarginate, rounded and reflexed at the 

 base, colour olive, olive-brown, or purple, sometimes nearly black, 

 polished. 



* Forma acutiuscula. Lobes divergent, abruptly apiculate. 

 ** Forma ohtusa. Lobes rounded, obtuse. 



J. emwrginata ^ grandis, N. ab E. ; Hiibener, Hep. Eur. p. 128. Nardia rohusta, 

 Lindb. 



aquatica. Shoots long, straggling, repeatedly innovant, naked 

 or ramentose at the base, leaves irregular in outline, often erose, 

 2- or 3-lobed, undulate, sordid olive-green. 



/. emarginata /3 aquatioa, Ldg. Hep. Bur. p. 75. Jung, aquatica, Scbrad. FL- 

 Germ. p. 75. 



7 minor. Smaller in all its parts, shoots sub-terete; leaves 

 more closely imbricated, erecto-patent, sub-complicate, round or 

 sub-quadrate, lobes bluntly apiculate, margin nearly plane, olive- 

 brown, or fawn-coloured, sometimes livid-green. 



Jung, fusca, Hiibener, Hep. Eur. p. 122. Sarcos. Shrharti y julacea, N. ab E. 

 Leber m. Eur. i. p. 125. 



8 picea. Densely csespitose, stems rigid, leaves patent, approxi- 

 mate, orbiculate, vertically concave, lobes obtuse, connivent, sinus 

 acute, equal to jth of the length ; involucral leaves larger, convo- 

 lute ; involucre short, nearly immersed ; cells smaller, colour glossy 

 pitch-black; dioicous. 



Sa/rcoscyphus piceus, De Not. Com. Soc. Crittog.-Ital. (1861). 

 Sa/rcoscyphu8 al/pmvm, Gottsche, in G. & Eab. Hep. Eur. Ex. n. 453 & 535. /. ustu- 

 lata, Hiiben. Hep. Eur. p. 132 ((J plant?). 



Hab. One of o;ur commonest sub-alpine liverworts, abundant by the borders of 

 streams or spots -watered by the spray of waterfalls ; the var. aquaiica is found even 

 in running water, y minor occurs on more exposed rocks ; and S picea I have only 

 seen from rocks by Loch Kandor, G. E. Ewnt; and Ben Macdhui,'i(. Groall. Fruit. 

 Near the Moraine Glen Esk, April 1862, A. Groall I • 



Ikifts creeping at the base, more or less crowded, conspicuous 

 from the glossy orange-brown or purple fronds. 



Stems rather stout, rigid, sub-ligneous, terete, somewhat in- 

 crassated near the apex, especially in fertile specimens (f. 7, 8), 

 simple, but appearing branched from the growth of innovations 

 " from the bosom of the terminal leaves," and from the base or 

 interior of old inmhicra. 



The shoots (f. 7, 1), as in most cosmopolitan species, are ex- 

 tremely variable ; some are scarcely half an inch, others 3 or 4 

 inches in height, and from half a line to a line in breadth, more or 



