BRITISH HEPATIC^. • 13 



the calyptra, and like it elevated by the growing fruit. Old pistil- 

 lidia are not unfrequently metamorphosed into innovations within 

 the involucre. Capsule very small, spherical, blackish-brown. 



Spores round, reddish-brown, -xrwo" ii^ diameter. Maters about 

 tJo^" loiigj composed of a double helix, about -rsTa" broad. 



Ferigonial leaves (f. 5, 9) usually crowded into a short terminal 

 spike, more tumid at the sheathing base ; lobes patent or reflexed, 

 enclosing 1 to 3 olive-green antheridia ; pedicel slender, of about 

 six quadrate cells. 



No. 135, in my copy of G. & R. Hep. Eur. is not N. sphacelala, but some unde- 

 seribed speeiea, allied to Gephalozia catenulata, Dum. (C. turgida, Mss.). 



The distinction between this species and JV. ema/rginata is ■well expressed by 

 Dr. Linderiberg (1. c. p. 76) : " Differere nostrum puto colore, caule ilexuoso, nee incras- 

 sato, subsimplice, radioulis paucis tenuissimis vel nullis, foliis magis remotis erectis, 

 apice tantum patentibus, lobis rotundatis apice sphacelatis, reticulo foliorum." Moreover, 

 in iV^. ema/rginata the texture of the leaves is firmer, polished, scarcely altered when 

 dry, and the dorsal margin usually reflexed at the base. 



The only other species with which it is likely to be confounded is J. inflata, 

 which is smaller, but approaches it in the shape and discoloration of the leaves ; but 

 their insertion is more oblique, and they are plane or slightly concave, more narrowed 

 at the base, and not at all sheathing. The cells too are thinner-walled, and without 

 trigones. "When the colesule is present, there can be no danger of confusing them. 

 Scotch specimens are much more gracile (3 to 4 inches), and with more remote leaves 

 than those from Finland. Only barren plants have been met with. 



Pl. II. Fig. 5. — 1. Barren shoot unmagnijied. 2. Portion of stem x 16 diam. 3, 4. 

 Stent- leaves. 5 & 5 /3. Cellular structv/re x 120. 6. Involucrum with upper invo- 

 lucral leaves, and capsule. 7. Transverse section through involucre. 8. Calyptra 

 enclosing young capsule. 9. Perigonial leaves x 8. 



2. Nardia emarginata, G. Sf B. 



Pl. II. Fig. 7. 



Stems rigid, simple or innovant from the apex ; leaves loosely 

 imbricated, round or sub-cordate, base broad amplexicaul, emar- 

 gination shallow, lobes obtuse or apiculate, basal margin reflexed, 

 texture firm and polished ; involucre urceolate, connate for more 

 than half its length, segments retuse. 



JvMgermamnia enmrginata, Ehrh. Beifcr. iii. p. 80; Mart. Fl. Erlang. p. 156, 

 t. 4. f. 32; Hook. Br. Jung. t. xxvii ; Br. FI. v. i. p. 110; Mackay, Fl. Hibern. 

 ii. p. 59, n. 20 ; Muse. Brit. 2 ed. p. 229; Fl. Danica, t. 1946, f. 1 ; Eng. Bot. i. 

 t. 1022. J. macrorhiza, Dicks. Cryp. Fasc. ii. p. 16, t. 5, f. 10. 



Nwrdius ema/rgvnaius, Gray & B. Nat. Arr. Br. Pl. i. p. 694, n. 3. 



Ma/rswpella, Dum. Com. p. 114 ; Obs. Jung. 23, 4. 



Sa/rcoscyphMS Ehrha/rti, Corda, in Sturm. Fl. Germ. ii. 19, 20, p. 25 ; N. ab E. 

 -Eur. Leberm. i. p. 125; Syn. Hep. p. 7; Gott. et E,ab. Hep. Eur. Ex. n. 256, c. 

 icone (forma acuta), n. 255, c. icone (forma obtusa), lower figs, only, not upper, which 

 represents N. sphacelata. 



