Catarrhal Pharyngitis. 49 



lesions, the astringent and antiseptic lotions advised for tonsilitis 

 will be in order, and if abscess is recognized it should be opened 

 promptly. 



CLEFT PALATE. 



In exceptional cases the soft palate has failed to unite in the 

 median line, and is represented by two lateral flaps separated by 

 a v-shaped hiatus in the middle. In a specimen in the 

 N. Y. S. V. College, taken from a trotting colt, the fissure is 

 continued forward for several inches between the palatine bones 

 and the palatine processes of the superior maxillary, establishing 

 a direct communication between the mouth and nasal chambers. 

 In still other instances the fissure is continued forward between 

 the maxillary and anterior maxillary bones, throwing the whole 

 length of the buccal and nasal chambers into one irregular cavity, 

 and forming hairlip. 



It would be possible to remedy some of these conditions by 

 plastic operation, but the value of the young animal will rarely 

 warrant any such resort. 



CATARRHAL PHARYNGITIS. 



Causes : traumatic ; thermic ; gaseous ; medicinal ; chemical ; physio- 

 logical irritants ; in solipeds, cattle, swine, dogs ; debility ; exposure ; cold 

 baths ; youth ; age. Microbes in solipeds, cattle, dogs, birds ; facultative 

 microbes. Symptoms : constitutional ; difficult swallowing ; nasal rejec- 

 tion of water ; pharyngeal swelling and tenderness ; extended head carried 

 stiffly ; cough loose ; salivation ; in cattle, grinding of teeth ; in dogs, rub- 

 bing of chops ; buccal heat and redness ; often foetor. Course. Duration. 

 Diagnosis from parotitis, from abscess of guttural pouch, from pharyngeal 

 tuberculosis, from actinomycosis, from adenitis and phlegmonous pharyn- 

 gitis, from specific fevers affecting the pharynx. Lesions : redness and 

 swelling of mucosa, epithelial degeneration, elevations, erosions, and ulcers ; 

 lesions of tubercle, glanders, rabies, anthrax, actinomycosis, etc. Preven- 

 tion. Treatment : soothing ; dietetic ; laxative ; expectorant ; eliminating ; 

 locally antiseptic astringents in solid, liquid, or vapor ; embrocations and 

 blisters ; tonics. 



