Laceration of the Pharynx. 81 



finernent of an animal preeminently adapted to freedom and 

 exercise. Turning out in a wide range, especially if pasture is 

 available, is a prime consideration. The separation from the 

 flock, of the first wool eaters, will check the propagation of the 

 vice by imitation. Food that is defective in one or more con- 

 stituents must be supplemented by that which will correct the defi- 

 ciency. Salt, potassic salts and above all phosphate of lime or 

 bone meal will sometimes benefit. May recommends the separa- 

 tion of the lambs from the ewes except when nursing, three 

 times a day. Finally, L,emcke claims for apomorphia the same 

 curative effect as in other animals. The dose is 2 grains, sub- 

 cutem, as in the cow and may be repeated three days in succes- 

 sion. 



LACERATION OF THE PHARYNX. 



Trauma of pharynx from objects swallowed ; from whip or other instru- 

 ment in choking ; lesions. Symptoms : swelling ; rapidly extending ; 

 dysphagia ; salivation ; retching ; dyspnoea ; roaring ; asphyxia. Treat- 

 ment ; as for pharyngitis ; open pouch, suture laceration ; use antiseptics ; 

 liquid diet. 



Laceration of the velum palati has been already referred to, 

 and the remaining walls of the pharynx sometimes suffer in the 

 same way and from identical causes. Pins, needles, and other 

 sharp-pointed bodies taken with the food sometimes perforate the 

 walls and determine an advancing ulceration which furnishes a 

 way for their escape externally in the region of the throat. In 

 other cases a rigid staff, a whip, or even a probang introduced to 

 overcome choking, is forced through the walls of the pharynx 

 forming a pouch for the accumulation and septic fermentation of 

 ingesta, and extensive ulcerative and gangrenous lesions. 



Lesions and Symptoms. These depend mainly on the extent 

 of the laceration. If there is a mere abrasion, superficial lacera- 

 tion or prick of the mucosa, it determines a prompt inflammation, 

 with exudation which covers or closes the wound and a speedy 

 healing may ensue. When, however, the whole thickness of the 

 mucosa has been extensively lacerated and a pouch has been 

 formed beneath it, it becomes filled with decomposing mucus and 

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