88 Veterinary Medicine. 



matic injury and extended when caused by caustics or irritants. 

 The affected section is swollen, and surrounded by some serous 

 effusion. When the muscular coat is involved it is often paler 

 than normal, and microscopically shows extensive granular and 

 fatty degeneration. The mucosa usually sloughs off its epithelial 

 layer, sometimes over an extensive area (thoracic portion, 

 Renault ; whole gullet, Bertheol), and the exposed raw surface 

 is of a deep red or violet. When the epithelium is not shed, it is 

 infiltrated, swollen and friable breaking down under the slightest 

 manipulation. Petechise and slight blood extravasations are 

 abundant, and diffuse suppuration is not uncommon. In trau- 

 matic injuries necrosed areas are found in the muscular and mu- 

 cous coats. Strictures, dilatations, and polypoid growths are 

 liable to follow as sequelae. 



Symptoms. These usually manifest themselves from two to 

 four days after the operation of the cause. There is much 

 difficulty in deglutition, the effort to swallow either solids or 

 liquids causing acute suffering, with extension of the head on 

 the neck and strained contraction of the facial muscles. If the 

 liquid succeeds in passing the pharynx, it is arrested at the seat 

 of inflammation and regurgitated through the nose and mouth, or 

 in solipeds through the nose only. This takes the appearance 

 of emesis even if nothing actually comes from the stomach. The 

 animal shakes the head violently, breathes hurriedly, and has fits 

 of paroxysmal coughing, A wave extending from below up- 

 ward along the jugular furrow and followed by nasal discharge 

 is a marked symptom, as the violence of the inflammation in- 

 creases. Uneasy movements of the limbs, pawing and lying 

 down and rising, indicate the existence of colic, and this is aggra- 

 vated by the administration of anodynes or antispasmodics by 

 the mouth. In cattle, rumination is arrested, froth accumulates 

 around the lips, the rumen becomes tympanitic, and colicy move- 

 ments appear. Oftentimes a swelling extends upward in the 

 jugular furrow, and even in its absence, pressure with the fingers 

 along the furrow will often detect an area of tenderness with or 

 without local swelling. Fever with more or less elevation of 

 temperature, is a general symptom. There may be wheezing 

 breathing or loud stertor. The passage of a probang is arrested 

 by the swelling or spasm at the diseased part and when withdrawn 



