CEsophagean Tumors. 93 



by the use of graduated sounds ; and nervous diseases may be 

 dealt with according to their specific nature in each several case. 

 When any definite cause of this kind has been overcome the per- 

 sistent use of strychnia, subcutem, or by the mouth, may be 

 effectual in overcoming the paresis of the gullet. Hypodermic 

 injections are best made along the left jugular groove, and fric- 

 tions; stimulating embrocations, and galvanic currents may be 

 employed with excellent effect. 



CESOPHAGEAN TUMORS. 



Forms of neoplasm in gullet of horse, ox, sheep, pig, dog. Symptoms : 

 dysphagia ; eructation ; vomiting ; bloating ; cough ; dyspnoea ; stertor ; 

 foetor ; palpitation. Treatment. 



These have been often noticed in the lower animals. In the 

 horse have been noticed melanoma (Oliver, Roll, Kopp, Besnard, 

 Fouleau) , /ibroma (Dandrieu, Dickerhoff), Carcinoma (Chouard, 

 L,orenz, Cadeac, H,aurent), epithelioma (Blanc, Lorenz), 

 Leiomyoma (Lucet, IyOthes), cystoma (Caillau I,egrand), 

 mucous cysts (L,ucet). 



In cattle papilloma is especially common, having been noted 

 by/okne, Mons, Fessler, Schiitz, Lusckar, Gratia, Beck, Cadeac 

 and Kitt. Tubercles, and fibroid masses with cystic purulent 

 centres are not uncommon. Actinomycosis is also frequent, 

 sometimes hard and warty and at others soft and vascular. 



In the Sheep, Dandrieu found between the muscular and mu- 

 cous coats a hard tumor as large as a hen's egg, the removal of 

 which put a stop to a persistent choking. In both cattle and 

 sheep, swellings from coccidiosis are common ; in cattle and 

 swine from gongylonema, and in sheep from filaria (Harms) 

 or spiroptera (Zurn). 



In pigs ; fibroma is met with in the walls of the gullet 

 (Raveski) and in dogs fibroma, papilloma, and the tumors of 

 spiroptera. 



Symptoms. The coccidia and spiroptera usually cause few 

 symptoms or none, but neoplasms usually develop symptoms of 



