94 Veterinary Medicine. 



obstruction, dysphagia, eructation, vomiting, and all the indica- 

 tions of choking according to their seat. These do not come on 

 suddenly and recover as in simple choking, but even though there 

 may be periodic obstructions, spasms and paroxysms, there is a 

 slow, progressive advance as the neoplasms increase. Ster- 

 torous or mucous breathing, cough, dyspncea and foetid exhala- 

 tions are common, the symptoms may be aggravated when the 

 head is bent, and the tumor may even be felt on palpation of 

 the throat or left jugular furrow. In ruminants tympany occurs 

 after feeding. 



Treatment is surgical and consists in the removal of the tumors 

 by incision and ecraseur or otherwise. Thoracic cesophagean 

 tumors are usually inoperable. 



IMPACTION OF THE CROP. INGLUVIAL 

 INDIGESTION. 



Gallinacese and Palmipeds, Causes : Overfeeding after privation ; fer- 

 mentation ; lack of water ; green food in geese and chickens ; food con- 

 taining paralyzing element. Symptoms : dull ; motionless ; erect plumes ; 

 drooping wings and head ; gapes ; ejects liquid from bill ; firm cervical 

 swelling. Treatment : manipulation ; incision ; surgical precautions. Con- 

 valescent feeding. 



The cervical dilatation of the oesophagus known as the crop is 

 well developed in all granivorous birds, (Gallinacese, etc.;) and 

 like the macerating cavities of the ox (first two stomachs) is sub- 

 ject to overdistension and paralysis. In the palmipeds (ducks, 

 geese) there is no distinct crop but in its place the cervical por- 

 tion of the gullet has a fusiform dilatation, and under given 

 conditions this may be also the seat of impaction. 



Causes. The impaction may result from overfeeding when the 

 bird has been starved, or when it suddenly gains access to food 

 of a specially appetizing kind and to which it has been unaccus- 

 tomed. The crop like every other hollow viscus is rendered 

 paretic by overdistension. Then the food undergoes fermenta- 

 tion still further distending the cavity, affecting the brain by 



