Infective Gastro Enteritis in Calves, Lambs and Foals. 147 



to 90 per cent., and for lambs at 66 per cent. In 500 lambs 

 Beresow found 300 attacked and 200 died. Kuleschow sets the 

 losses at 30 to 40 per cent, of the lambs, and Cadeac advises that 

 even the survivors should be fitted for the butchers as they are 

 unfit for production. 



Lesions. In foals these are mainly confined to the intestines 

 which show a more or less extended area of redness and conges- 

 tion with catarrhal or pseudomembraneous exudate on the mucosa, 

 and the submucous connective tissue is infiltrated, softened and 

 marked by intense punctif orm redness. The epithelium is swollen, 

 opaque and easily detached, and Peyers patches infiltrated and 

 prominent. The blood in the intestinal vessel is incoagulable. 

 Exudation into the peritoneum and softening of the liver are not 

 infrequent. 



In calves the lesions are very similar, but the fourth stomach 

 is usually implicated, the congestion and epithelial desquamation 

 being most marked in the pyloric region. The contents of the 

 intestines are mucopurulent, grayish, yellowish or red, and in- 

 tensely foetid. The follicles of the small intestine are red and 

 projecting with an areola of congestion. Softening and even 

 necrotic centers are found in the liver and kidneys and the 

 mesenteric glands are swollen, red and softened. 



In lambs the lesions are nearly the same in the fourth stomach, 

 intestine, lymph glands, liver and kidneys. There is usually 

 marked emaciation and the spleen and nerve centers are anaemic. 



Prevention. The first consideration is to avoid the various 

 causes which have been enumerated. Give the young the warm 

 milk of its dam or of a nurse of the same species and at the same 

 time after parturition. If it is necessary to give older milk to 

 the new born don't fail to clear out the bowels by a tablespoonful 

 or two of castor oil (foal, calf,) or two teaspoonfuls (lamb), or 

 to add manna or linseed decoction to the milk. Protect both 

 nurse and nursling against cold storms, overheating, overwork, 

 excitement, and sudden changes of diet, (dry to green, etc.) 

 If the nurse has been overheated or overexcited draw off the first 

 milk by hand and let the nursling have only that which is se- 

 creted later. Avoid the milk of diseased and especially fevered 

 animals. If the milk of one nurse disagrees, correct any obvious 

 cause in the food or general management, and if none can be 



