192 Veterinary Medicine. 



Paper-ball. In the museum of the N. Y. State Veterinary- 

 College is a conglomerate ball of paper taken from the stomach 

 of a hog by Dr. Johnson, Sioux City. 



Phosphatic Calculi have been described as found in the 

 stomach, but this is evidently an error, as the acid secretion would 

 have speedily dissolved them. The error doubtless came from 

 mistaking the transverse colon for the stomach. 



Sand and Gravel arrive in the stomach of the horse from 

 pasturing on loose sandy land, the plants being pulled up by the 

 roots and swallowed together with the sand adherent. Also from 

 drinking water from shallow streams with sandy bottoms. Feed- 

 ing of grain from the ground is a cause of swallowing sand, earth 

 and pebbles. lacking the soil in acidity of the stomach is another 

 cause. Fodder that has been packed down and mixed with earth, 

 and that which has been blown full of sand or dust, and roots 

 eaten from the ground in wet weather lead to the ingestion of 

 much sand or earth. Shetland ponies taken from the islands pass 

 sand for some weeks. Dogs taught to fetch and carry, swallow 

 stones, pebbles, marbles, etc., accidentally. 



Nails, Wires, Needles, Pins, etc. More or less pointed me- 

 tallic objects are often taken in with the food by gluttonous 

 horses and though usually arrested in the intestines they some- 

 times irritate and wound the stomach. 



Fragments of cloth, leather or whalebone are similarly 

 taken with the food, or in case of depraved appetite are deliber- 

 ately chewed and swallowed. 



Playthings and small household articles are especially 

 taken by puppies through mere wantonness. Rubber balls, pieces 

 of metal, thread, cord, cloth, bits of leather, sponge, horse hair, 

 human hair, corks, bits of wood, and everything obtainable of 

 small size may be swallowed and found in the stomach. 



Pigs swallow pieces of wood and other objects. 



Birds habitually swallow pebbles and ordinary objects are 

 ground down in the gizzard. They also readily vomit feathers, 

 bones and other offensive matters that have proven indigestible. 



Symptoms. In horses there are no especial symptoms, though 

 the foreign bodies sometimes cause gastric catarrh, and in 

 other cases produce wounds and ulcers or block the pylorus 

 causing violent colic. Most commonly the foreign bodies pass 



