240 Veterinary Medicine. 



bleeding, infection, inanition. Diagnosis : by concurrence of symptoms, 

 hyperthermia, tender abdomen, no blood nor coccidia in stools, no frothy 

 bloody mucus with tenesmus. Treatment : dietetic, friction, synapism, 

 atropia, chloral hydrate by rectum, salines, demulcents, nux, tartar emetic, 

 eserine, pilocarpin, sulphites, salol, sodium salicylate, naphthol, etc., bitter 

 tonics, carminatives, stimulants, sodium chloride, ipecacuan, hygiene dur- 

 ing convalescence. 



Causes. As in solipeds the various conditions which lower the 

 general tone, and those which especially debilitate the bowels 

 predispose to catarrhal inflammation. Underfeeding and over- 

 feeding, fibrous, innutritious, indigestible food, an indoor life in 

 close, foul stables, chronic and debilitating diseases, overwork, 

 overdriving, long continued hot weather, sudden changes of 

 weather, chills, long railway journeys without water, exposure 

 in hot- stockyards in midsummer, all lessen the resisting power of 

 the system and of the bowels. 



As more direct irritants, may be named irritant plants, weed- 

 ings and culls from gardens, musty and spoiled fodders of all 

 kinds, newly harvested grain, and putrid drinking water. Also 

 intestinal parasitism, diseases of the heart and lungs, and throm- 

 bosis of the mesenteric arteries. 



Lesions. These predominate in the small intestine in catarrhal 

 enteritis as they do in the large intestine in dysentery. The 

 small intestine and caecum may be distended by gas, and red- 

 dened more or less deeply on their outer surface. The mucosa 

 is the seat of congestion, punctiform and ramified redness, thick- 

 ening, infiltration and softening so that the epithelium breaks 

 down into a pulp under the pressure of the finger. Desquama- 

 tion may be extensive leaving a raw angry surface. The villi 

 are infiltrated, erect, and ulcerated showing dark bloody points, 

 and ecchymoses, and circumscribed sloughs and eschars are 

 present. The solitary glands are congested, hypertrophied and 

 projecting. The submucosa is infiltrated with a gelatinoid 

 material and the same may be found around the swollen and con- 

 gested mesenteric glands. Perforations have been met with in 

 some cases, and coexistent inflammatory lesions in the stomachs 

 are common. 



Symptoms. In the mildest forms there is inactivity of the 

 rumen, aggregation of the contents into hard masses, easily felt 



