260 Veterinary Medicine. 



liquifying, non-motile and asporogenous. Stains in the aniline 

 colors and bleaches in iodine. 



Pathogenesis. In morphology and cultures it resembles the 

 bacillus of fowl cholera, but it fails to infect chicken, pigeon or 

 rabbit. It infects ducks readily by ingestion or hypodermic 

 inoculation. 



Spirillum Metchnikowi was found in 1888, by Gamaleia in 

 the ingesta of chickens dying in Russia of a choleraeic enteritis. 

 It resembles the cholera spirillum, but is shorter, broader, and 

 more curved. Its size varies, being twice as broad as the cholera 

 spirillum, when found in pigeons. It may be 0.8/x long, by .5/* 

 broad, furnished with one polar flagellum and very motile. It 

 stains in aniline colors and bleaches in iodine. Grows readily in 

 common media at room temperature, and is killed in five minutes 

 by 122 F. ; renders milk strongly acid, coagulating it, and per- 

 ishes in the acid. In eggs turns the albumen yellow and the 

 yolk black. In gelatine it forms transparent colonies and in 

 potato pale brown. 



Pathogenesis. By inoculation it infects chickens, pigeons, 

 and guinea-pigs, while rabbits and mice are refractory except to 

 large doses. By ingestion it infects chickens and guinea-pigs 

 but not pigeons. Infection takes place easily by the air passages. 

 In all cases alike the lesions are concentrated in the intestines. 



Lesions. These are very similar in the different forms. The 

 intestine is violently congested and contains a quantity of yel- 

 lowish green mucopurulent or serous fluid. The mucosa is in- 

 filtrated, softened and even abraded by the desquamation of epi- 

 thelium. The liver is greatly enlarged and softened and gorged 

 with, blood, and the gall bladder filled. The spleen is enlarged 

 and pale, contrary to what is seen in fowl cholera, and the kid- 

 neys are congested. The heart is flaccid, soft, petechiated, and 

 the pericardium is the seat of serous effusion. 



Symptoms. In the acute form there is dullness, languor, inap- 

 petence, ardent thirst, pale comb, and greenish faeces. I,ater 

 the feathers are erect, the wings and tail droop, the head sinks, 

 the patient gapes frequently, walks unsteadily, and a liquid 

 bluish green diarrhoea sets in, which later becomes yellow and 

 bloody. The somnolence increases, the walk becomes more un- 

 steady, or the patient sinks down with eyes half closed and re- 



