294 Veterinary Medicine. 



bread, have been especially harmful to poultry and other animals 

 eating it. 



Spring Cockle (vaccaria), in the north west, as in Europe, 

 is destructive by reason of a sapotoxin-like ingredient in the 

 seeds. 



OTHER VEGETABLE IRRITANTS. 



List of gastrointestinal irritants. Common Symptoms. General treat- 

 ment : emesis, stomach pump, diluents, demulcents, laxatives, enemata, 

 anodynes, antiseptics, tannic acid. Prevention. 



Among vegetables which produce more or less disturbance of 

 the digestion, or congestion of the digestive organs are named 

 the following: Acorns in horses (Morton) ; tares; bird's tre- 

 foil (lotus corniculatus, Colin) ; vetches at ripening (Gerlach) ; 

 laburnum (cytissus) horse and ox (Cornevin) ; hybrid and 

 sweet trefoil (Pilz) ; officinal melilot (Carrey) ; the field 

 poppy, ^digitalis and snapdragon, seeds often mixed with wheat 

 and rye (Cornevin) ; conium maculatum, cicuta virosa, yew 

 leaves, lolium temulentum, and other forms of ryegrass 

 when ripening ; chickweed (stellaria) killed 60 horses in 200 

 (Semmer) ; privet ; clematis, aconite, tobacco, male fern, 

 aloes, horsetail (equisetum) when full of silica ; mercurialis 

 annua, wild radish, resinous plants, pimpernel ; CEnanthe 

 Crocata (water dropwort) ; giant fennel, anemone, Phyto- 

 lacca (poke root) ; rhus toxicodendron (poison ivy), radicans 

 and venenata (poison sumac) ; buckwheat in flower (Moisant) ; 

 St. John's wort, various species of lathyrus, artichokes in ex- 

 cess, spurry seeds, galega, bryony, the fruit of melia azeda- 

 rach (in pigs) (Dreux) ; nux vomica, podophyllum. 



It may be added that the plants credited with causing the 

 "loco" disease (Astragalus mollissimus, Hornii, and lenti- 

 ginosus, Patersonii, Bigeloria, the Aragalus Lambertii, and 

 Crotoloria sagittalis, the oxytropis Lambertii, mutiflorus 

 and deflexa) cause diarrhoea and sometimes ulceration of the 

 intestines. 



The farina of mustard is sometimes mixed with linseed cake 

 and (developing the active principles of that agent) produces a 

 severe and even fatal gastro-enteritis in cattle and sheep. The 

 wild mustard of the fields, being allowed to grow with the flax, 



