336 Veterinary Medicine. 



jection of barium chloride or of atropia. When the calculus is 

 lodged in the floating colon or rectum it may be possible to reach 

 it with the hand and extract it at once. The last resort, is by 

 laparotomy for the removal of the calculus. One such successful 

 case is on record in which Filizet removed a calculus as large as 

 an infant's head. In other cases the horses failed to survive. 

 Desperate as the resort may be it is not to be neglected in a case 

 of undoubted calculus, solidly impacted and of such a size that its 

 passage is impossible. A fatal result is imminent, and even if 

 the present attack should pass off it can only be looked on in the 

 light of an intermission, so that there is practically nothing to 

 lose in case the result should prove fatal. Anaesthesia and rigid 

 antiseptic measures should of course be adopted. 



FOREIGN BODIES IN THE INTESTINES OF SOEIPEDS. 



Sand, pebbles, earth, lime, nails, pins, needles, coins, shot, cloth, leather, 

 rubber, sponge, tooth, bone, wood, twine. Symptoms : as in intestinal in- 

 digestion or calculi, or sand or pebbles in faeces ; peritonitis, phlegmon. 

 Lesions ; congestion, catarrh, ulceration, abscess, needles may travel to- 

 other organs. Treatment : laxative, enemata, or as for calculi. 



All sorts of foreign bodies are' taken in with food and water 

 and find their way to the intestines. Sand from drinking from 

 shallow streams with sandy bottoms, from browsing on sandy 

 pastures where the vegetation is easily torn up, or from feeding 

 grain from sandy earth will sometimes load the intestines to an 

 extraordinary extent so that such horses will pass sand for some 

 weeks after leaving the locality. Small stones and gravel are 

 taken in the same way, or from the habit of eating earth or 

 licking crumbling lime walls. Nails, pins, needles, coins, shot, 

 pieces of cloth, leather, caouchouc, sponge, and even a molar 

 tooth and a piece of a dorsal vertebra have been thus taken. 

 Recently the author saw a small twig of hard wood transfixing 

 the pylorus and duodenum with fatal effect. In another case 

 were balls of binding twine which had been taken in with the 

 fodder on which it had been used. 



