256 Veterinary Medicine. 



Yet invaginations are by no means unknown in these genera. 

 The small intestine can be invaginated into itself or into the 

 caecum. The caecum, which floats loose at the right side of the 

 mesentery that envelopes the double colon, can be invaginated 

 into the colon, and the floating colon can be invaginated into the 

 double colon on the one hand and into the rectum and through 

 the anus on the other. Invagination into the rectum, for eight 

 inches, in a bull calf, of six days old, is reported by Cartwright 

 in the Veterinarian for 1829. In a similar case of Youatt's the 

 intussuscepted portion sloughed off and was discharged per anum. 



The causes are like those acting in solipeds, and which give 

 rise to excessive and irregular peristalsis. A drink of ice cold 

 water, indigestions and colics of various kinds, diarrhcea, chills, 

 the irritation caused by poisons or parasites, and the paresis and 

 dilatation of portions of the intestine into which the more active 

 •portions can easily pass. Almost any irritation or congestion may 

 cause intussusception, and young animals in which peristalsis is 

 most energetic are the most liable. 



Lesions. The intussusception is usually found in the ileum and 

 to a less extent in other parts of the small intestine, or involving 

 the csecum and colon, or again the floating colon and rectum. 

 The successive conditions of congestion, exudation, adhesion, ob- 

 struction, necrosis, sloughing, and repair by union of the remain- 

 ing ends are the same as in the horse. 



Symptoms. There is acute, agonizing and dangerous colic in 

 an animal in which these troubles are usually comparatively slight 

 and transient. The animal looks at the right flank, paws or 

 stamps with fore feet as well as hind, lies down and rises often, 

 strains to pass manure but passes only mucus or a few small hard 

 masses, if anything. If pressnre is made on the right side of the 

 abdomen and the hand suddenly withdrawn there is a significant 

 gurgling and the corresponding hind foot is lifted or moved for- 

 ward or backward, appetite and rumination are lost, the pulse be- 

 comes rapid and weak, and the animal becomes prostrate, dull 

 and stupid, often remaining recumbent in spite of all efforts to 

 raise him. Rectal exploration may detect the firm tender mass in 

 the seat of the invagination. The disease may last from one 

 week to five, according as the obstruction is complete or partial. 

 The usual termination is a fatal one, though a certain number of 

 spontaneous recoveries are met with. 



