376 Veterinary Medicine. 



left half, and the laceration takes place around the oesophagus, 

 or as in cases reported by Schurinck and Siedamgrotzky through 

 the aponeurotic portion. The protrusion may be composed of 

 the second stomach alone, or together with portion of the paunch 

 as observed by Schmidt in a goat, or of the third and fourth 

 stomachs as in a case in a bull reported by Baraille. The edges 

 of the orifice may show, in recent cases, the fringed or irregular 

 jagged outline with blood clots and thickening, or in chronic 

 cases the pale, fibrous, smooth, even outline already described 

 under diaphragmatic hernia. 



The symptoms are like those of other forms of phrenic hernia, 

 in ratio with its extent. The tendency to survival, and chron- 

 icity is greater than in the monogastric animals, ist because 

 the entrance of the smaller viscera is barred by the great gastric 

 masses applied against the wound, and 2nd by the quiet un- 

 eventful life of the ox and the absence of active work and violent 

 excitement. 



Treatment will not differ from that of other forms of phrenic 

 hernia. 



HERNIA THROUGH THE MESENTERY, OMENTUM 

 OR OTHER FOIvD OF PERITONEUM. 



Definition. Causes : Concussions in horse especially, anatomical condi- 

 tions in cattle, pediculated tumors, dystokia, hernia of small intestine in 

 horse, ox, broad ligament, pelvic hernia. Lesions : Congestion, hemorrhage 

 of hernial viscus, adhesions, softening, thickening, strangulation. Symp- 

 toms : Intestinal obstruction, rectal exploration. Treatment : Laparotomy. 



Definition. This consists in a protrusion through an opening, 

 congenital or acquired, in the double fold of peritoneum (mesen- 

 tery) which passes off from the abdominal wall to support a 

 viscus, or that which passes from organ to organ (omentum). 



Causes. The lacerations of mesentery or omentum are at- 

 tributed to sudden concussions of various kinds (falls, blows, 

 leaps, violent efforts), and have been especially found in horses 

 in which the bulk and weight of the contents of the digestive 

 organs furnish a special predisposition. In ruminants in which 

 the contents of the abdomen are equally bulky and heavy the 



