Other Forms of Hemia. — Paralysis of the Rectum. 379 

 OTHER FORMS OF HERNIA. 



The other forms of hernia (umbilical, inguinal, scrotal, femo- 

 ral, ventral, vaginal, ischiatic), are essentially surgical and need 

 not be further referred to here, than to guard the reader against 

 overlooking them as factors in producing intestinal and omental 

 strangulation and colic. They are all to be recognized by the 

 presence of a local swelling, which may often be obliterated by 

 returning its contents into the abdominal cavity, which sensibly 

 enlarges when the animal is made to cough, and which, if made 

 up of intestine, is subject to gaseous distention, and gurgles 

 when manipulated and returned. A violent colic occurring in a 

 male animal should never be considered as certainly diagnosti- 

 cated until the scrotal and inguinal region have been carefully 

 examined for hernia. 



PARALYSIS OF THE RECTUM. 



In solipeds, ruminants, swine, carnivora. Injuries to loins and croup. 

 Palsy of tail and sphincters. Nerve centres in end of cord. Fractures and 

 dislocations of the pelvis. Hsemoglobinuria. Advanced gestation. Scle- 

 rosis. Ovariotomy by vagina. Impaction of rectum. Neoplasms. Throm- 

 bosis of internal iliac artery. Ptomaines and toxins in fevers. Symptoms : 

 tardy defecation, impaction, over distension, faeces firm, dry, roller like, 

 liquid oozing, excoriation, foul tail and thighs, bulging of anus, inconti- 

 nence of urine. Paresis and wasting of quarter. Treatment : remove cause, 

 for sprains and fractures sling, treat myelitis, debility, poisoning, unload 

 rectum often, oily or soapy enemata, strychnia, eserine, ergot, barium chlo- 

 ride, derivations. 



This is much more common in the horse than in ruminants, 

 swine or carnivora, mainly because the soliped is more exposed 

 to traumatic injuries of the loins, croup, and pelvic bones. It is 

 noticeable that in the majority of cases the paralysis of the rec- 

 tum is connected with palsy of the tail, anus, and sphincter 

 vescicse. This comes from the anatomical fact that the centres 

 presiding over the motions of these different parts are situated 

 close to each other in the terminal portion of the spinal cord, and 

 any lesion of that part by traumatism or disease is likely to affect 

 all of these parts alike. 



