428 Veterinary Medicine. 



is to be explained on the above hypothesis or through other un- 

 known changes in the blood. 



Diabetes has been repeatedly found in connection with disease 

 of the pancreas, and the complete extirpation of the pancreas in 

 dogs gives rise to glycosuria (Meringand Minkowski, Thiroloix, 

 I,ancereaux, Lepine). If a small portion of the pancreas remains, 

 glycosuria does not supervene. It has been suggested that the 

 pancreas has a. double function, and beside its secretion, produces 

 a glycolytic ferment which passing into the portal blood deter- 

 mines the formation of glycogen in the liver. Arrest of the pan- 

 creatic secretions does not cause glycosuria, so it has been sug- 

 gested that the glycogenic enzym is a product of the connective 

 tissue cells of the pancreas. Functional as well as structural 

 disease of the pancreas can be conceived of as inhibiting the pro- 

 duction of this ferment and the consequent elaboration of gly- 

 cogen: Chauveau and Kauffmann deduce from their observations 

 that the action is a reflex one established through the glycogenic 

 centres in the medulla. Pancieatic glycosuria is especially fatal 

 (Harley). 



Finally, extirpation of the thyroid body in dogs has been fol- 

 lowed by glycosuria (Falkenberg). This suggests a systematic 

 examination of the urine in all cases of goitre, with extensive 

 glandular changes. 



Apart from experimental cases diabetes in the lower animals 

 has been observed to be nearly always associated with diseased 

 liver. Fatty degeneration has been the most frequent lesion, but 

 cirrhosis, hypertrophy and congestion were present in other cases. 

 In a number of cases as the fatty degeneration reached an extreme 

 degree, the sugar disappeared from the urine, the hepatic cells 

 being no longer functionally active, and death speedily followed. 

 The same has been observed in the fatty degeneration attendant 

 on poisoning by arsenic or phosphorus. 



